民间记录与传承：以上海墓志为中心
Folk Records and Inheritance: Centered on Shanghai Epitaphs
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초록
中华文明注重知识传承, 自书契肇兴, 记载日繁, 在国曰史, 在郡县曰志, 在家曰谱。记载对象多为帝王将相、著姓大族。而作为标识逝者的实 用文字---墓志确发展为一种民间知识载体。成熟的墓志一般都勒录墓主的世系、生平、功德、子女等, 这种体例要求使其成为一部浓缩的“家谱”, 其 丰富的内容也成就了一种知识传承载体。墓志不仅勒石埋冢, 也会记录于家谱、宗谱、族谱等家乘资料, 若撰者为知名的文人学者, 还会被收集在文人别集之中, 成为跨越时空的知识文献资料。本文以上海墓志为考察对象, 通过梳理不同时期的墓志特点分析记录与传承的内容与功能, 以期揭示传统文化中民间知识的传承特性。
Abstract
Chinese civilization attaches great importance to the inheritance of knowledge. Since the emergence of written records, the records have become increasingly abundant. Records at the national level are called histories, those at the county and prefecture levels are called annals, and those at the family level are called genealogies. The objects of these records are mostly emperors, generals, and prominent families. However, epitaphs, as practical written inscriptions identifying the deceased, have developed into a carrier of folk knowledge. A mature epitaph generally records the genealogy, life story, merits, and descendants of the tomb owner. This format requirement makes it a concentrated "family genealogy", and its rich content also makes it a carrier for the inheritance of knowledge. Epitaphs are not only engraved on stones and buried in tombs, but also recorded in family materials such as family genealogies, clan genealogies, etc. If the writer is a well-known literati or scholar, the epitaph will also be collected in the individual collections of literati, becoming a knowledge document that transcends time and space. This article takes Shanghai epitaphs as the research object, analyzes the content and functions of records and inheritance by sorting out the characteristics of epitaphs in different periods, with the aim of revealing the inheritance characteristics of folk knowledge in traditional culture.