상이한 공간 스케일 효과와 유의한 작동 스케일(operational scale)에 대한 경험적 탐색 연구: 미국 도시중심지와 인구간 상관관계를 사례분석으로
An empirical analysis of different scale effects on a spatial process and its operational scale: a case study of correlation analysis between US urban employment centers and urban population
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공간 분석 과정에서 공간 프로세스에 대한 상이한 공간 스케일 효과와 작동 스케일(operational scale)의 중요성에도 불구하고, 지리학분야에서 이를 적용한 경험적 탐색 연구가 제대로 수행되지 않았다. 즉, 연구 분석 목적과 사례 지역 특성 등을 고려하여 상이한 공간 스케일 상에서 공간 프로세스를 비교하고, 이를 토대로 유의한 작동 스케일을탐색하는 것이 요구된다. 본 연구의 목적은 실증적 연구 분석 차원에서 도시 중심지와 인구간의 상관관계에 대한 상이한 공간 스케일 효과를 비교하여, 이를 토대로 유의한 작동 스케일 탐색을 시도하는데 있다. 경험적 사례 분석을 위해상이한 거리 패러미터를 적용하여 상이한 스케일의 인구 구역이 산출되었다. 상관관계 분석 결과, 상이한 공간 스케일상에서 인구 변수의 유의한 통계적 차이가 발견되었으며, 고용 중심지와 인구와의 상관관계에 있어 유의미한 차이가탐색되었다. 특히 도시 중심지 기능 중 제조업과 인구와의 상관 지수가 상이한 공간 스케일 상에서 50~200km 구간에서 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
In spite of the importance of consideration of different scale effects and the operational scale of a spatialprocess, there was little prior empirical research with consideration of the issue, especially in the field of urban andeconomic geography. In terms of a spatial process and causal relationship among spatial features, comparison ofpossible different scale effects and exploration of operational scale should be investigated. With regard to it, the purpose of this paper is to compare different scale effects on a spatial process and to explore the significant operational scale in the empirical analysis of relationship between urban centers and urban population. In the empirical analysis, the correlations between urban centers with a controlled scale and urban population with different scales were explored with the case of MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) centers with County population in US. By applying nine different spatial scales to the surrounding population from the centers with the range from 50km to 500km, significant differences of correlation coefficients across the scale were detected, and based on them, the operational scale for the relationship between the urban centers and population factors at a specific scale or a series of scales was found to be significant.
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