진정성 기획으로서의 인도여행
Traveling India as a Project of Authenticity
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이 논문은 인도여행이라는 독특한 경험적 대상을 통해 여행의 장에서 진정성의 작동원리를 드러내려는 시도이다. 인도여행에서 진정성의 탐색을 분석하기 위해 노이(Noy, 2004)가 제시한 ‘진정성의 순환관계’ 모델을 분석틀로 삼는다. 노이는 여행자의 서사가 여행을 통해 달라진 자아정체감을 표현하는 ‘자아변화의 테마’로 수렴됨을 지적하면서, 여행서사에서 드러나는 진정성의 작동양식을 ① (구성된) 진정성의 경험, ② 여행경험의 진정성(실존적 진정성), ③ 자아변화 서사의 진정성화라는 순환관계로 개념화한다. 여행의 구성성은 ‘진정한 인도(여행)’에 대한 이미지와 담론을 공급하는 한편 가능한 여행경험의 폭과 방향을 구조적으로 결정한다. 여행자는 구성된 측면을 간파하고 명백한 비진정성의 경험에 실망하지만, 주어진 관광체계를 전복하거나 적극적으로 대안을 모색하기보다는 대개 이를 수용한다. 여행의 구성성과 성찰성, 이에 대한 포스트-관광자적 반응은 ‘진정성 과업’의 실현을 어렵게 만든다. 그러나 여행자서사에는 평범하고 무난한 관광경험의 연속에서 독특하고 유별난 ‘사건’에 대한 ‘이야기’가 발견된다. 여행경험은 서사라는 수행을 통해 진정성화된다. 뿐만 아니라, 진정성화된 여행서사는 여행자의 진정한 자아와 삶에 대한 서사적 의미화의 자원으로 활용된다. 포스트-진정성 체제를 살아가는 후기근대적 개인에게 삶의 연속성과 자명한 의미를 부여하는 서사의 존재는 매력적인 선택지가 된다. 인도여행은 구조적 요구에 대한 이들의 성찰적 반응이자, ‘주권적 판단’을 통해 자신의 삶을 재설정하고 의미화하려는 ‘진정성 기획’의 방편이다.
Abstract
This research aims to reveal how authenticity works in the field of tourism through a case-study of traveling India. To explore ‘the quest of authenticity’ in traveling India, Chaim Noy’s ‘the cyclic relationships of authenticity’(2004) is adopted as an analytic frame. Noy pointed out that a profound self-change is recounted in travel narratives and conceptualized the modus operandi of authenticity expressed in travel narrative as a cyclic relationship: (a) (constructed) experience of authenticity, (b) the authenticity of the tourist’s experience (existential authenticity), and (c) the authentication of the self-change narrative. The social construction of travel not only provides images and discourses on ‘authentic (travelling) India’, but also structuralizes and orientates travel experiences. Even though travellers would be disappointed at the experience of flagrant inauthenticity and come across commoditized, rationalized, and routinized imaginaries and practices in tourism, most of them just accept their conditions rather than try to seek an alternative or subvert the given tourism system. The social construction of tourism authenticity, the reflectivity and the ‘post-tourist-ish’ reaction to tourists all make it difficult to actualize ‘the quest of authenticity.’ In the series of mediocre and mundane travel experiences, however, ‘stories’ of unique and distinctive event - authenticity event – are discovered in traveller’s narrative. Her or His travel experiences can be authenticated by the performance of narrative. Moreover, once travel narrative is authenticated, it can verify the narrator’s ‘real self’ and ‘authentic life’. Narratives which give stable continuity and clear meaning to one’s lives are appealing to late-modern individuals living in this ‘post-authenticity regime.’ Traveling India is not only a reflexive response to the structural pressure which reinforces inauthenticity, but a method of ‘authenticity project’ which intends to re-establish and re-signify one’s meaning of life.
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