탈냉전 이후 미얀마-인도의 협력과 발전: 미얀마의 시각
Cooperation and Development of Myanmar-India Relations: On the Perspective of Myanmar
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이 논문에서는 냉전종식 이후 미얀마와 인도관계의 변화를 군사ㆍ안보, 경제 분야로 구분하여 발전수준을 평가하고 양자 간의 발전이 초기단계에 정체된 이유를 규명하고자 했다. 냉전종식 이후 인도는 지역 환경의 변화에 능동적이지 않다가 1992년 동방정책을 실시하면서부터 미얀마 군부에 대한 기존의 비난 입장을 완전히 철회했다. 인도는 미얀마와의 연대를 통해 동아시아로 진출하는 교두보를 마련하고 종국에는 중국과 경쟁하여 동아시아 패권을 장악한다는 목표를 설정했다. 그 일환으로 안다만해를 중심으로 확대된 안보딜레마를 극복하기 위해 인도는 미얀마에 최신 무기를 판매하고, 공동 군사훈련을 실시하는 등 중국 편중인 미얀마의 군사 분야를 다자화시켰다. 그러나 인간안보와 경제교류에 있어서 미얀마의 미온적인 입장으로 인해 인도와 미얀마 관계는 발전궤도로 진입하지 못했다. 식민 시기동안 자행된 인도인들의 경제적 수탈과 문화적인 폄하는 현재까지 앙금으로 남아있으며, 이는 양 정부 간의 신뢰를 구축하는 저해요인이 되고 있다. 미얀마를 전략적 동반자로 이용하려는 인도의 동기가 기각될 때 양자 관계는 새로운 전기를 맞을 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
In this study, it is explored the reason why the relations between Myanmar and India are stagnated in the beginning stage arguing on the fields such as military and security, economic cooperation between tow countries. India was not positive in the change of the regional order after the Cold War, but she suddenly changed her diplomatic strategy toward Myanmar which was quite antagonistic after the launching of the Look East Policy in 1992. Strong tie with Myanmar, India set new goal which not only secure a bridgehead to East Asia but take hegemony after the breakdown of Chinese power in the East Asia. To do so, India made it able to multiplize the Myanmar’s military field which was overemphasize to China as sold newly released armament to Myanmar to overcome the security dilemma which spread to Andaman Sea and exercise a cooperating military training. Human security and economic exchange, however, did not enter a developing stage because of Myanmar’s tepid position. It is a sediment that Indian people economically plundered and culturally despised Burmese in the colonial period, and make it worse to establish trust between two governments. Bilateral relations could be happen to enter a new era when the intention of India which aims to set Myanmar as a strategic partner only changes.
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