무갈 초기 정원의 상징성 - 아크바르(Akbar) 시대까지
Symbolism of Early Mughal Gardens: Up to Akbar’s Reign
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초록
무갈 정원은 단순한 조경이나 쉼터의 의미를 넘어서는 상징성을 함축하고 있다. 처음에는 전쟁의 피로함이나 더위를 피하기 위한 왕, 개인적인 쉼터의 의미로 사용되었다. 왕국이 점차 안정화되면서부터는 왕국의 여러 가지 의식을 행하기 위한 장소로 사용되기 시작하였다. 더 나아가 궁궐이나 따로 독립된 정원의 형태가 아니라, 무덤에 종속된 형태로 조성되기 시작하였는데, 이러한 정원에 천국에 대한 이슬람식 사후 관념이 개입되는 것도 이 시기이다. 바부르의 인도 정복에 따른 정원 조경은 개인적으로는 새로운 땅, 힌두스탄에 새로운 질서를 부여하는 정치적 의미를 지니었다. 후마윤을 거쳐 아크바르의 시대가 되면, 정원 조경은 새로운 의미를 가지게 되는데, 이는 정원이 단독으로 지어지는 것이 아니라 무덤에 종속되는 시점과 일치한다. 본 논문에서는 무갈 시대의 정원의 성격이 바부르 시대로부터 아크바르 시대에 이르기까지 어떻게 변화되었는가를 고찰하였다.
Abstract
The meaning of Mughal gardens has more connotations beyond the meaning of the resting place or landscape gardening. In the beginning, those were being used as resting place for the personal purpose of the kings to escape the tired of the war or heat. But later those were developed to ceremonial places of the palaces. And even more, we find those gardens began to be made with tombs. It was also this time that the concept of Islamic paradise was added to the gardens. The landscape gardening to Babur has a political meaning that he endows a new order to Hindustan which he has conquered. When it becomes Akbar’s reign, its structures has been changed that the gardens began to be made in the attached form to the tombs.
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