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인도 연방주의의 기원과 특이성

The Origin of Indian Federalism and its Idiosyncrasies

윤정민|박종호
인도연구소 (Institute of Indian Studies)|2023.08|남아시아연구 (Journal of South Asian Studies)|제29권 제2호|pp. 1-24|DOI 10.21587/jsas.2023.29.2.001

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참고문헌

키워드

India인도연방주의FederalismEthnic Conflicts인도국민회의민족 갈등다민족 연합체Multiethnic CoalitionIndian National Congress
주제분류지역학

초록

본 연구를 통해 인도의 연방주의가 정착한 과정을 역사적으로 설명하고자 했다. 이는 인도의 연방주의가 사후적으로 역내의 민족 갈등을 방지하는 데 효과적이었다는 주장을 전제했다. 그 과정에서 인도의 인도국민회의가 다민족 연합체에 해당하며, 다민족 연합체는 스스로의 내부적 붕괴를 방지하기 위해 연방주의 도입을 시도할 유인이 있다고 주장했다. 다민족 국가에서의 다민족 연합체가 본질적으로 붕괴에 취약하다는 점을 고려할 때, 인도국민회의의 일당우위체제와 정당으로서의 장기간 생존은 기존 연방주의와 민족 갈등과 관련한 이론들의 한계를 보강할 수 있다. 하지만 인도국민회의의 정치적 생존은 그들만의 역사적 특수성에 기인한 결과라는 점에 이견은 없다.

Abstract

This paper attempts to demonstrate the processes of Indian federalism being implemented and developed. It assumes that Indian federalism has been effective to accommodate ethnic conflict within a highly diverse society. We argue that the Indian National Congress (INC) shares the characteristics of multiethnic coalition, which has incentives to implement federal system in order to prevent its internal breakdown. Considering a historical pattern that multiethnic coalition is inherently prone to its collapse, a single-party dominance and its political longevity of the INC provide several lessons to the widely-held theories residing both federalism and ethnic conflicts. However, there seems no objection that the triumph of India is heavily due to particular contexts, which may be generalizable.

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