廣東지역 方言의 語法 특징 연구

Abstract

A Study on the Grammatical Characteristics of the Dialectsin Canton TerritoryThe dialects using around the territory of Canton are very complicated. The most representative ones are the dialect of Cantonese, the dialect of Chaozhou and Shantou and the dialect of Hakka. All those dialects have their own chronological and historical progresses and also have their own special grammatical structures.This article is going to analyze the grammatical characteristics appeared in the three kinds of dialects with the grammatical unit as a frame, and with the Mandarin (the standard Chinese) as a base.The characteristics are divided as following:First, the most great characteristic of the dialect of Cantonese is the change of lexical meaning and the change of sentential meaning which are caused by the modulations. This characteristic are more clear in the adjectives and reduplications.Secondly, the characteristic of the dialect of Chaozhou can be found in many grammatical factors which are very similar to the ancient Chinese. This characteristic appears more clearly in the personal pronouns、negative words, comparative sentences、passive sentences and interrogative sentences.Thirdly, the grammatical structure of the Hakka dialect has two kinds of characteristics. The grammatical structure of Hakka dialect is very close to that of Mandarin, on the other hand, it also has several similar points with the dialects of Cantonese, Chaozhou and Shantow, for example, the word order of object in the double-object sentences, the sentence pattern of comparative sentences, etc.. By those materials we can also find the process of development of the Hakka dialect.