柳永詞의 ‘羈旅’ 주제 고찰

Abstract

Liu Yong made his name by creating a huge collection of Ci poems(詞) when the Song Dynasty blossomed with thriving economy based on stable politics and dynamic cultural activities by its people. However, unfortunately, his reputation stood inhis way to passing the civil service examination although he managed to pass the exam in later part of his life, travelling various places as low ranking official. Due to this experience, most of his works are those about parting and longing as rootless wanderer. Throughout the study, the author tried to perceive features and values of Liu Yong’s poems of rootless wandering by analyzing his Ci poems on the subject of wandering. First, Liu described wanderer’s difficulties in his works, a stark contrast with the Ci poems in the Tang and Five Dynasties, thereby contributing to expanding the variety of subject matters of Song Ci poems. In other words, he pioneered a new fashion of Ci poems which expresses one’s true feelings based on first-hand experience. This dominant poet in the Ci history also sang about Songyu’s sadness, citing famous poet’s name Songyu, and sadness in Autumn, making his Ci pomes more elegant and sophisticated. Second, Liu’s Ci poems feature “a good combination of object description and expression of feelings” and “scenery after sentiment”, two of the Chinese traditional poetry’s major forms of expression. He combined natural features of the season with sentiment to deliver his maximized emotions. The poetdepicted the beauty of scenery that he had witnessed while wandering and added to it his agony and pain of parting. Eager to return to home where his beloved was, he was not able to, and then lamented about the discrepancy between reality and dream. Third, for his most ci poems works about wandering, Liu adopted màncí (慢詞) and pū xù (鋪敍)for detailed illustration of his emotions as rootless wanderer, which opened a groundbreaking chapter of Song Ci poems form as well as subjects. Since Liu Yong’s brave initiative, many Ci poems have employed màncí to sing about rootless wandering.