중국 국진민퇴(国进民退)의 배경과 작동기제에 관한 연구 - 강화와 확산의 기제와 사례 -

Abstract

From 1990’s, privatization in China was set off rapidly. In 1978, in the early days of reform and opening policies, a state enterprise accounted for 78% of the total nation’s industrial production, but the proportion went down to 25% of the total production in 1997. As this trend turned back in mid and late 2000’s, however, it is obvious that guojin mintui (or "the state advances while the private sector retreats") trend is dominating, and the caution against discouraged expansion of market and private sector is growing. While the government’s land and financial support is focused on state enterprises in the urea market, which is not yet to be marketized, private sector faces unfair competition and is exposed to a structure in which private sector has no choice but to fall behind fundamentally. If the 90’s enterprise reform of China was privatization to accept the principle of market economy, the current China’s state enterprise reform is re-nationalization to control the principle of market economy by state leading intervention and even for state-owned economy to subsume private sector. As this phenomenon is getting stronger and expanding through government’s policy and resource support, it is penetrating into other competitive industries. In this paper, a comprehensive concept – guojin mintui or “the state advances while the private sector retreats” – will be redefined, and the meaning and limit of guojin mintui at this moment is to be considered by analysing the background the concept, and how the concept is developed and is working.