日本の介護労働におけるジェンダーの特性に関する研究 –介護労働のジェンダーフリー化を中心に–
A Study on the Attributes of Gender in Japanese Elder Care Work -Focusing on De-gendering of Care Work-
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This study aims to explore gender attributes and their effects on Japanese elder care work. Regarding the gender aspects of elder care work, the supplier side of care work―the care worker―is the main subject of this research. The research method is employed by reviewing relevant previous literatures from a critical perspective to understand the current situation of the care work sector, and the official and objective statistics are analyzed. Moreover, the data from participant observations and interviews with 43 care workers were also used. When considering the gender attributes and effects on care work, first, due to the traditional ie (family) system and gender divisions of labor, the recognition that women have been conducting unpaid care work influences paid care work. This is so evident that, second, women who undertook unpaid care work have been regarded as auxiliary and marginal workers in the labor market, and care work became the receptacle for those female workers. Third, by assuming women as primarily responsible workers in recognition of the policies and legislations related to the elderly and care workers, those policies and laws are also affecting gender characteristics. Fourth, the duties of care workers are reorganizing the gender division of labor in care facilities, such as men being used for physical care or woman for aid-like domestic work. Lastly, the recognition that care work has been deemed feminine, low-skilled work that any woman can do has spread and prevents (potential) male workers from participating in the field. Therefore, in preparation for a further aging society, to ensure a stable labor force and to neutralize strong gender-based images, the expertise of care work must be reinforced. It is imperative to properly evaluate the expertise of care work by grasping and applying the characteristics of care work, such as the knowledge or skill required, as well as fair assessments of emotional labor. Furthermore, to improve the expertise of care work, continuous on-the-job training or educational opportunities must be offered to care workers. From a long-term perspective, securing broad and diverse workers will eventually lead to providing elder clients with high-quality care services.
Abstract
This study aims to explore gender attributes and their effects on Japanese elder care work. Regarding the gender aspects of elder care work, the supplier side of care work―the care worker―is the main subject of this research. The research method is employed by reviewing relevant previous literatures from a critical perspective to understand the current situation of the care work sector, and the official and objective statistics are analyzed. Moreover, the data from participant observations and interviews with 43 care workers were also used. When considering the gender attributes and effects on care work, first, due to the traditional ie (family) system and gender divisions of labor, the recognition that women have been conducting unpaid care work influences paid care work. This is so evident that, second, women who undertook unpaid care work have been regarded as auxiliary and marginal workers in the labor market, and care work became the receptacle for those female workers. Third, by assuming women as primarily responsible workers in recognition of the policies and legislations related to the elderly and care workers, those policies and laws are also affecting gender characteristics. Fourth, the duties of care workers are reorganizing the gender division of labor in care facilities, such as men being used for physical care or woman for aid-like domestic work. Lastly, the recognition that care work has been deemed feminine, low-skilled work that any woman can do has spread and prevents (potential) male workers from participating in the field. Therefore, in preparation for a further aging society, to ensure a stable labor force and to neutralize strong gender-based images, the expertise of care work must be reinforced. It is imperative to properly evaluate the expertise of care work by grasping and applying the characteristics of care work, such as the knowledge or skill required, as well as fair assessments of emotional labor. Furthermore, to improve the expertise of care work, continuous on-the-job training or educational opportunities must be offered to care workers. From a long-term perspective, securing broad and diverse workers will eventually lead to providing elder clients with high-quality care services.
참고문헌 (50)
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