실록 소설 <야소슈몬콘겐키(耶蘇宗門根源記)>에 나타난 기리시탄 이미지의 고찰 - 침략의 선구자 및 요술사 이미지를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper examines the image of Kirishitan as depicted in the historical fiction Yaso Shumon Kongenki and analyzes where this image originated. Considering that historical novels were shaped and evolved through communication with readers (or listeners) of the time, it can be assumed that the image of Kirishitan in Yaso Shumon Kongenki was not vastly different from the one held by the general populace of the period. The two primary images of Kirishitan portrayed in Yaso Shumon Kongenki are that of the ‘pioneer of invasion’ and the ‘one who deceives with witchcraft.’ The image of the ‘pioneer of invasion’ is linked to the San Felipe incident, while the image of the ‘one who deceives with witchcraft’ likely stems from Jesuit missionaries introducing scientific instruments, as seen in Hayashi Razan’s Hai Yaso. Ultimately, these images imposed upon Kirishitan reinforced fears of Christianity and all Western nations devoted to the faith, acting as a decisive factor and justification for Japan’s move toward national isolation. Watsuji Tetsurō, discussing the acceptance of Christianity in Japan, emphasized that ‘the only attempt at broadening perspectives among Japanese at the time lay in this acceptance of Christianity,’ highlighting that it was a revolutionary event that brought Western rational thought and scientific perspectives to Japan. Reflecting on the isolation policy, he remarked that ‘the fear of Christianity that led to the eventual closing of the nation’s doors was due to a lack of adventurous spirit and mental resilience,’ expressing regret that this expansion of outlook did not continue. Following the Sengoku period, Japan chose the path of isolation over taking risks to broaden its perspectives. One method used to further solidify this isolation was the spread of distorted images of Kirishitan, which can be observed in Yaso Shumon Kongenki and other historical novels about Kirishitan.