언어민족주의 vs 영어공용어화의 글로벌리즘: 말레이시아 사례연구
Language Education Policy in Malaysia: between Nationalism and Nationism
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The purpose of this article is to examine how Malaysia, as an imagined community, sought a policy balance between fostering Malaysia's national language, i.e., Bahasa Melayu, and strengthening English education. To this end, this paper is to analyze changes in medium of instruction policy in Malaysia in an analytical historical method, focusing on Fishman's theory who made substantial studies on linguistic nationalism in the former colonial countries. Malaysia is the most sharply divided country between exclusive nationalism on the one hand which emphasizes the education of national language and openness policy on the other which stresses on the expansion of English education. Conclusively speaking, the Malaysian government is still struggling to find a balance between linguistic nationalism and the globalism of English language usage. When all the ethnicities of Malay, Chinese and Indian Malaysians, who have maintained their respective ethnic identity, find a true national identity that all may agree upon, the agony of choice between linguistic nationalism and nationalism will only end, and a peaceful compromise will be achieved.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to examine how Malaysia, as an imagined community, sought a policy balance between fostering Malaysia's national language, i.e., Bahasa Melayu, and strengthening English education. To this end, this paper is to analyze changes in medium of instruction policy in Malaysia in an analytical historical method, focusing on Fishman's theory who made substantial studies on linguistic nationalism in the former colonial countries. Malaysia is the most sharply divided country between exclusive nationalism on the one hand which emphasizes the education of national language and openness policy on the other which stresses on the expansion of English education. Conclusively speaking, the Malaysian government is still struggling to find a balance between linguistic nationalism and the globalism of English language usage. When all the ethnicities of Malay, Chinese and Indian Malaysians, who have maintained their respective ethnic identity, find a true national identity that all may agree upon, the agony of choice between linguistic nationalism and nationalism will only end, and a peaceful compromise will be achieved.
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