종교여성학의 최근 흐름과 한국 그리스도교 여성 연구
Religious feminisms and its implications for studies on Korean Christian women
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이 연구는 종교여성학 분과의 최근 흐름을 분석 및 정리하고, 한국의 주류 종교 중 하나로 자리 잡은 그리스도교에서 다수를 차지하는 보수적 성향의 여성들의 경험을 연구하는 데에 참고할 수 있는 지점들을 제안한다. 1970년대 무렵부터 그리스도교를 중심으로 시작된 종교 페미니즘은 서구의 해방 전통(liberal tradition)의 계보를 따름으로써 종교와 세속을 구분하고 구조적 억압으로부터 해방을 추구하는 주체에만 유의미한 행위성을 부여함으로써 세속적이 고 해방적인 서구와 종교적이고 억압적인 비서구라는 구도를 유지했다. 이와 맥을 같이 하여 한국 그리스도교 여성 연구도 해방적 관점에서 이루어짐으로써 보수 그리스도교 여성을 진 정한 주체되기에 실패한 여성으로 재현했다. 그러나 1990년대 무렵부터 해방 전통의 종교페 미니즘을 비판하면서 부상한 이슬람 페미니즘과 유교 페미니즘은 종교와 세속의 구분 자체 를 문제 삼고 여성 종교인의 주체성과 행위성을 이해할 수 있는 새로운 시각을 제시함으로써 종교페미니즘 논의에 새로운 활력을 더했다. 이 연구는 한국 보수 그리스도교 여성 주체가 구성되는 여러 가지 복합적인 맥락들을 고려하는 데에 이러한 비해방 전통(non-liberal tradition)의 종교페미니즘들이 어떠한 참고가 될 수 있는지를 제안하고 마지막으로 주체를 구성하는 종교적 서사 자체에 주목할 필요를 주장한다.
Abstract
The emergence of non-liberal religious feminisms such as Islamic feminism and Confucian feminism have led to a revised understanding of the formation of religious women's subjectivity and their agency. This article briefly introduces a history of religious feminism from 1970s to recent, covering Christian feminism, Islamic feminism, and Confucian feminism. It crucially notes how the liberal tradition of Christian feminism has failed to adequately account for the experiences of women in non-liberal religious traditions such as Islam and Confucianism. Studies on Korean Christian women have also followed the liberal tradition and thus have represented conservative Korean Christian women as having failed to achieve their true subjectivity. I suggest how non-liberal forms of religious feminisms can inform the studies on Korean Christian women. I conclude with an emphasis on the importance of understanding the religious narrative itself within which these women's subjectivities are formed and performed.
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