초기 한국어 성경의 고유명사 표기 연구 ―마태복음을 중심으로―

Abstract

This study explore the Orthography of Loanwords found in the 『예수셩교셩셔 맛ᄃᆡ복음』(1884) and Matthew in 『예수셩교젼셔』(1887) and 『맛ᄃᆡ복음』(1892) by the John Ross's translation team who published the first Korean bible, and Henry G. Appenzeller's 『마태복음젼(마태의 긔록ᄒᆞᆫ대로 복음)』(1892년), a Korean missionary. Transliterations confirmed in the Bible can be broadly divided into Aramaic and proper nouns of the names of people and places, and this study focuses on writing proper nouns. This can be used as a basis for judging the original text of the Korean Bible, and it is worthwhile to researching because it can confirm actual examples before the system of Orthography of Loanwords or transliteration is still established, and this became the basis of modern Orthography of Loanwords. In the Gospel of Matthew, transliterations of 82 anthroponyms and 41 place names are identified. E. Palmer's 『The Greek Testament』(1881), a Greek translation known to have been used by John Ross' translation team for the study, and English Bible『Revised Version』(1881), and the Chinese Bible 『代表譯本』(1852) and 『北京官話本』(1872) were computerized and based on this, a list of anthroponyms and place names of 1844 and 1887 and 1892 editions of the John Ross' translation team and the 1892 edition of the Appenzeller Version was extracted. This is primarily to check whether there have been any modifications internally in the Ross's team, and in the earnest, to examine whether Ross, a Chinese missionary, directly transliterated Western languages while making a Korean Bible with Korean young people, or whether he was influenced by notation of loanwords of the Chinese Bibles. In this paper, based on the review of computerized data, the following characteristics were proved and explained for the proper noun notation of the Korean Bible what translated by Ross team and Appenzeller. First, the Korean notation representing anthroponyms and place names was made with the pronunciation of the original Greek language in mind. It is presumed that this was because Hangul, as a phonetic character, was easier and more accurate in transliteration than Chinese characters. Focusing on the notation of proper nouns, the Ross translation team was more influenced by the original text than the Chinese Bible. Second, there are some parts influenced by the Chinese Bible in notation of proper nouns, which means that the number of syllables was matched with the Chinese translation of the Bible when the original pronunciation was difficult. This feature seems to have been created in the process of Ross's correction, in which a Korean translator from the Ross translation team, who was in charge of the primary translation of the Chinese Bible as the original version, and the translation was compared with the original Bible and English Bible.