서양의 현대성과 탈종교화: 하버마스와 가톨릭교회를 중심으로

Abstract

In this paper I attempted to examine whether the concept of modernity inevitably includes the secularization. To examine this, I, following Habermas, will look at how the western modern philosophers understood the concept of modernization. Here I study in the philosophy of Hegel, Nietzsche and Heidegger, how the principle of subjectivity as the concept of Western modernity can replace the role of religion that led to the integration of humanity in the early Middle Ages. In addition, I look at the history of the Catholic Church, which proclaims eternal truth in the modern self-consciousness of the new era, how she had understood the concept of 'modernism' and how she integrates eternity and modernity. Finally, I examine whether Habermas' intersubjectivity can be a principle of modernity beyond the limitations of philosophy of consciousness, and also the relationship between Habermas's life-world. And then it will be revealed that modernity and de-religionization are not necessarily related, and rather, the life-world is supported by a great deal of power from religion. Because the intersubjectivity which is derived from Habermas's life-world and the communicative reason oriented mutual understanding, has an internal connection with human spirituality characterized by human religion or mutual communication and relationship oriented character.