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브라질 좌파의 집권은 어떻게 가능하였는가?: 노동자당(PT) 룰라의 대선승리요인을 중심으로

How did the Brazilian leftist party win the 2002 presidential election?: Reasons for the victory of PT’s Lula

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중남미지역원 (Institute of Iberoamerican Studies)|2007.12|이베로아메리카 (Journal of the Institute of Iberoamerican Studies)|제9권 제2호|pp. 253-294

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참고문헌

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초록

With the question of “How did the Brazilian leftist party win the 2002 presidential election?: Reasons for the victory of PT’s Lula”, this article analyzes the process of 2002 presidential election in Brazil, considering three principal elements. First, the deception to the Cardoso’s government for the economic reasons, not ideological reasons, which had started to adopt positively the neoliberalism since Brazil’s redemocritization and it strongly affected Brazilian society especially regarding to the problems of distribution and unemployment; second, PT’s strategic change to win in the elections since its formation, maintaining its position criticizing severely the neoliberalism, gaining its popularity for governability through the experience of participatory democracy in Porto Alegre. The PT’s strategic move to the center continuously transformed its internal institutions was regarded as credible by voters, in which the ordinary members could influence the party’s direction; third, disillusion and discredit to the conservative elite politicians because of political corruptions and scandals through the process of privatization. And as other elements, electoral advertising campaign on TV and the results of public opinion polls after candidates' debate on TV had affected the indecisive electorate, especially women and old people with little regular schooling, to vote for the victory of Labor’s Party candidate, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, besides his charismatic popularity under the circumstance of Brazil’s fragile political party system.

Abstract

With the question of “How did the Brazilian leftist party win the 2002 presidential election?: Reasons for the victory of PT’s Lula”, this article analyzes the process of 2002 presidential election in Brazil, considering three principal elements. First, the deception to the Cardoso’s government for the economic reasons, not ideological reasons, which had started to adopt positively the neoliberalism since Brazil’s redemocritization and it strongly affected Brazilian society especially regarding to the problems of distribution and unemployment; second, PT’s strategic change to win in the elections since its formation, maintaining its position criticizing severely the neoliberalism, gaining its popularity for governability through the experience of participatory democracy in Porto Alegre. The PT’s strategic move to the center continuously transformed its internal institutions was regarded as credible by voters, in which the ordinary members could influence the party’s direction; third, disillusion and discredit to the conservative elite politicians because of political corruptions and scandals through the process of privatization. And as other elements, electoral advertising campaign on TV and the results of public opinion polls after candidates' debate on TV had affected the indecisive electorate, especially women and old people with little regular schooling, to vote for the victory of Labor’s Party candidate, Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, besides his charismatic popularity under the circumstance of Brazil’s fragile political party system.

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