중국 문화산업의 현황과 전망

Abstract

The basic foundation of cultural industry of a country is derived from available and accessible cultural resource which the country holds. China is a country with rich history and culture. Such abundant cultural resource and competitiveness will benefit China to be a winning player in cultural industry. Provided that Chinese economy continues to grow with an unprecedented pace as so far, which is predicted by many, cultural industry of China will be more accelerated by innovation of technology. On top of the above potentialities, Chinese central government has been pushing forward the expansion of cultural industry in terms of public interest, through innovation of the system and restructuring the organizations. Correspondingly, local governments have been boosting the cultural industry along with an effort to highlight the uniqueness of local since they understood its criticalness in economic growth. Developing pace of Chinese cultural industry is at its peak already, playing the core of local economy. The variety of cultural products is increasing, as well as the size of service industry. Gradually increasing exports of cultural products to foreign countries and intensive investment in cultural industry has significantly contributed to the formation and development of cultural industry clusters with regional characteristics. In addition to that, initiatives of cultural development have been moved to solely private or private and public joint entities from public sectors. However, since the cultural industry in China takes up only a small portion of national economy compared to developed countries, there is still a long way to reach the international level. Followings are what Chinese culture industry lacks compared to the developed countries; low concentration ratio in culture industry lacking first-class companies and well-known brands; unsettled rules and regulations; weak monetary support; low investment in human resource; imbalance of exports and imports and slow progress in exports; blinded and overlapping investment which rather discouraging the development of culture industry. Nevertheless, we can still have positive prospects on Chinese culture industry for the following reasons. Digital publications and online games are emerging to the new era, while the portion of traditional contents such as books, newspapers, and movies have shrunk noticeably. Also, the recent transition into market system will strengthen the competitiveness and facilitate the companies’ mergers and acquisitions in culture industry of China. This will lead to the emergence of expert and sizable businesses and high industry Concentration Ratio. On the other hand, Chinese government has exerted every effort to enlarge the scale of promising companies and intentionally induced firms to merge with other companies regardless of their will, which will, in turn expedite the transition to monopolistic competition economic system. Additionally, local governments’ aggressive investments in cultural industry clusters with the purpose of developing and nurturing culture industry will accelerate the formation of the clusters, competition against other regions, causing regional inequalities as well. Finally, Chinese government’ strong drive will bring the advanced digital technology in culture industry and the development of digital contents industry.