類義語の「与える」と「やる」の意味分析

Abstract

There are two verbs 'yaru' and 'ataeru' in Japanese which mean 'to give.' When the object moves from the one who gives to the one who receives, the difference between the two verbs is largely shown in two points of view. 1. When the object belongs to concrete things 'yaru' is basically used, which also features privacy that it mostly comes to be used in dialogic style. 'Ataeru' has subject given by official institutions, and is mostly used in written style as explanatory texts. It also imply the higher position of the subject who gives, that when we use 'ataeru' to the equal or a little subordinate part giving the subjective thing to them it hears like the superiority on our part or a joke. When it comes to time time does not belong to concrete things but shares additivity with them, that it is also used in the case of 'yaru' and in the one of giving one's son or daughter as a spouse. 2. When the object belongs to abstract things 'ataeru' is used. The cases are when giving abstract things, when imposing works, obligations or fines, when conferring value or authority, when giving advice, orders or explanations, when affecting mental effects, and others.