현대중국어 ‘那麼’의 담화 기능 고찰 ― 구어 담화에서의 출현 양상을 중심으로
Examining the Discourse Function of ‘那麼’ in Modern Chinese ― Focusing on Its Appearance in Spoken Discourse
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The present study focuses on the discursive function of ‘那麼’, examining its appearance and function in spoken discourse. For this purpose, the usage patterns of ‘那麼’ in a discourse context were explored, centering on the dialogues from the dramas 三十而已 (Nothing But Thirty) and 理智派生活 (The Rational Life). In spoken discourse, ‘那麼’ manifests in various patterns, appearing in front of adjectives, verbs, and quantifiers to emphasize the degree of the predicate, or behind negative adverbs to negate the degree of the predicate. It also appears at the beginning of utterances or between clauses to connect discourse. Even if ‘那麼’ is omitted from the discourse context, it does not affect the proposition of the utterance and reveals the characteristics of a discourse marker that reflects the speaker‘s attitude or facilitates the flow of discourse. It is used for topic introduction, topic transition, and topic progression. Through ‘那麼’, speakers can emphasize the proposition of an utterance or weaken its meaning in a negative context. However, when ‘那麼’ with an emphasizing function is followed by an adjective component, it is syntactically restrictive, differentiating it from other functions. Demonstrative pronouns that have a demonstrative function tend to evolve into discourse markers, a trend universally observed across languages. Similarly, in Chinese, ‘那麼’, which has the prototypical meaning of a ‘demonstrative’, tends to expand its meaning through a path of ‘demonstrative pronoun ＞ conjunction ＞ discourse marker’. This is consistent with the principle of consistency in grammaticalization.
Abstract
The present study focuses on the discursive function of ‘那麼’, examining its appearance and function in spoken discourse. For this purpose, the usage patterns of ‘那麼’ in a discourse context were explored, centering on the dialogues from the dramas 三十而已 (Nothing But Thirty) and 理智派生活 (The Rational Life). In spoken discourse, ‘那麼’ manifests in various patterns, appearing in front of adjectives, verbs, and quantifiers to emphasize the degree of the predicate, or behind negative adverbs to negate the degree of the predicate. It also appears at the beginning of utterances or between clauses to connect discourse. Even if ‘那麼’ is omitted from the discourse context, it does not affect the proposition of the utterance and reveals the characteristics of a discourse marker that reflects the speaker‘s attitude or facilitates the flow of discourse. It is used for topic introduction, topic transition, and topic progression. Through ‘那麼’, speakers can emphasize the proposition of an utterance or weaken its meaning in a negative context. However, when ‘那麼’ with an emphasizing function is followed by an adjective component, it is syntactically restrictive, differentiating it from other functions. Demonstrative pronouns that have a demonstrative function tend to evolve into discourse markers, a trend universally observed across languages. Similarly, in Chinese, ‘那麼’, which has the prototypical meaning of a ‘demonstrative’, tends to expand its meaning through a path of ‘demonstrative pronoun ＞ conjunction ＞ discourse marker’. This is consistent with the principle of consistency in grammaticalization.
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