전통산업도시 변신의 메커니즘 연구 ― 중국 저장성 사례를 중심으로
Revitalizing Mechanism of the Traditional Industrial Cities: A Case Study of Zhejiang Province in China
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Hangzhou and Wenzhou are major economic cities in Zhejiang Province which are famous for their private economies. After reform and opening up in 1978, both cities overcame poor initial conditions and achieved rapid economic growth centered on traditional manufacturing industries based on endogenous capabilities. However, in the 21st century, both cities went through different path, and 20 years later, Hangzhou has succeeded in transforming into a high-tech city representing the digital economy, but Wenzhou still relies on traditional industries losing its economic vitality. As a result of data and literature analysis from 2000 to 2020, Wenzhou City focused on upgrading traditional key industries, while Hangzhou City focused on fostering alternative industries. Indirect support and guidelines from the Hangzhou city government were important for Hangzhou City's success, but the emergence of anchor companies such as Alibaba, NetEase, and Hikvision also played a significant role. Regardless of the type of company, these companies formed a cluster centered on their headquarters and continued to attract excellent talent, capital, and technology. Wenzhou's failure was mainly due to the economic structure centered on small and medium-sized private enterprises and the Wenzhou city government's inappropriate strategy of 'small government'. The implications of the cases of Hangzhou and Wenzhou are as follows. First, when a traditional industrial city experiences an economic crisis due to the backwardness of the existing industrial structure, the central government's support can directly or indirectly help improve the industrial structure. Second, when choosing to foster alternative industries as a revitalizing strategy for a traditional industrial city, the precise direction and continuous support of the local government are more important than other options. Third, the role of anchor companies is very important in fostering alternative industries. Fourth, an internally driven economic structure, rather than an externally oriented economic structure, may be more advantageous for the industrial structure transformation and economic development of traditional industrial cities.
Abstract
Hangzhou and Wenzhou are major economic cities in Zhejiang Province which are famous for their private economies. After reform and opening up in 1978, both cities overcame poor initial conditions and achieved rapid economic growth centered on traditional manufacturing industries based on endogenous capabilities. However, in the 21st century, both cities went through different path, and 20 years later, Hangzhou has succeeded in transforming into a high-tech city representing the digital economy, but Wenzhou still relies on traditional industries losing its economic vitality. As a result of data and literature analysis from 2000 to 2020, Wenzhou City focused on upgrading traditional key industries, while Hangzhou City focused on fostering alternative industries. Indirect support and guidelines from the Hangzhou city government were important for Hangzhou City's success, but the emergence of anchor companies such as Alibaba, NetEase, and Hikvision also played a significant role. Regardless of the type of company, these companies formed a cluster centered on their headquarters and continued to attract excellent talent, capital, and technology. Wenzhou's failure was mainly due to the economic structure centered on small and medium-sized private enterprises and the Wenzhou city government's inappropriate strategy of 'small government'. The implications of the cases of Hangzhou and Wenzhou are as follows. First, when a traditional industrial city experiences an economic crisis due to the backwardness of the existing industrial structure, the central government's support can directly or indirectly help improve the industrial structure. Second, when choosing to foster alternative industries as a revitalizing strategy for a traditional industrial city, the precise direction and continuous support of the local government are more important than other options. Third, the role of anchor companies is very important in fostering alternative industries. Fourth, an internally driven economic structure, rather than an externally oriented economic structure, may be more advantageous for the industrial structure transformation and economic development of traditional industrial cities.
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