공자부호와 기억의 정치
Confucius Symbol and the Politics of Memory in Modern China
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This study aims to analyze the nature and meaning of the Confucius boom that has emerged in Chinese society in the 21st century. Confucianism was the ruling ideology of the dynasties in pre-modern China, but since the 20th century, the figure of Confucius and his ideas have been intensely debated in the process of exploring the direction and methods of modernization in China. Critics of Confucius have argued that Confucius’ ideas have been used as a tool for pre-modern despotic rule, and that his ideas are not in line with modern society. In particular, they have criticized Confucius’ ideas as the main reason for the delayed transition of Chinese society to modernity and the growing weakness of the Chinese nation. On the other hand, the positive view of Confucius’ thought is that the value system of a society should be based on the culture and values that the society has built over the long term, and that the chaos of post-modern Chinese society was caused by the collapse of the existing value system. Therefore, it was argued that Confucius and his Confucian ideas should be used to unite the people and maintain social order. The different perspectives and attitudes in the debate over Confucius show that the Confucian signifier is not entirely new in 21st century China, but that historically existing signifiers are simultaneously competing with each other. In particular, the current state ideology in China is in a state of flux, where socialist ideology and its carrier (power) coexist and compete with Confucian ideology, creating a free space for various debates on the current meaning and social role of Confucius and Confucianism. The various actors in this space are vying for the right to interpret Confucius from their own perspectives and to create new social memories of him. This is a sign of the weakening of the centripetal force in all aspects of China’s governing ideology, ideological topography, social and cultural psychology, and the value consciousness of modern Chinese people, but it also means that a new social and value order ideology and governing ideology are required in 21st century China, which has basically achieved modernization unlike the 20th century’s modernization efforts, and has emerged as one of the world’s two major powers. It is important to note that nationalism is the ideology that drives the reconstruction of the new value order and governing ideology, and it is in this process that Confucius and the Confucian ideology reemerge as issues. This means that the spectrum of ideas embraced by 21st-century Chinese society, which has already emerged as a great power, is becoming more tilted in a certain direction than the 20th-century modernization process under the banner of anti-imperialism.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the nature and meaning of the Confucius boom that has emerged in Chinese society in the 21st century. Confucianism was the ruling ideology of the dynasties in pre-modern China, but since the 20th century, the figure of Confucius and his ideas have been intensely debated in the process of exploring the direction and methods of modernization in China. Critics of Confucius have argued that Confucius’ ideas have been used as a tool for pre-modern despotic rule, and that his ideas are not in line with modern society. In particular, they have criticized Confucius’ ideas as the main reason for the delayed transition of Chinese society to modernity and the growing weakness of the Chinese nation. On the other hand, the positive view of Confucius’ thought is that the value system of a society should be based on the culture and values that the society has built over the long term, and that the chaos of post-modern Chinese society was caused by the collapse of the existing value system. Therefore, it was argued that Confucius and his Confucian ideas should be used to unite the people and maintain social order. The different perspectives and attitudes in the debate over Confucius show that the Confucian signifier is not entirely new in 21st century China, but that historically existing signifiers are simultaneously competing with each other. In particular, the current state ideology in China is in a state of flux, where socialist ideology and its carrier (power) coexist and compete with Confucian ideology, creating a free space for various debates on the current meaning and social role of Confucius and Confucianism. The various actors in this space are vying for the right to interpret Confucius from their own perspectives and to create new social memories of him. This is a sign of the weakening of the centripetal force in all aspects of China’s governing ideology, ideological topography, social and cultural psychology, and the value consciousness of modern Chinese people, but it also means that a new social and value order ideology and governing ideology are required in 21st century China, which has basically achieved modernization unlike the 20th century’s modernization efforts, and has emerged as one of the world’s two major powers. It is important to note that nationalism is the ideology that drives the reconstruction of the new value order and governing ideology, and it is in this process that Confucius and the Confucian ideology reemerge as issues. This means that the spectrum of ideas embraced by 21st-century Chinese society, which has already emerged as a great power, is becoming more tilted in a certain direction than the 20th-century modernization process under the banner of anti-imperialism.
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