呂留良의 宗朱闢王의 유학사

Abstract

This paper examines Lü Liuliang(呂留良)’s views on Confucian history, focusing on the aspect of Zong-Zhu Bi-Wang(宗朱闢王, that is, venerate Zhu Xi朱熹 and dismissed Wang Shouren王守仁). Lü Liuliang, an adherent of the teachings of Zhu Xi, advocated the view that the history of Confucianism that had been initiated by Confucius and Mencius reached its apex in Zhu Xi, followed by a gradual downfall, which culminated in the decisive blow that was the appearance of Wang Shouren, ultimately resulting in the Ming-Qing Transition, a historical tragedy for the entire nation. Lü Liuliang’s position against Yangming studies in favor of Zhuzi studies, acknowledging the latter as the authentic line of Confucianism, can be considered the opposite of the position of Ming Ru Xue An(明儒學案) as championed by its author, Huang Zongxi(黃宗羲), who had great influence over the studies of Ming dynasty Confucian history. In principle, however, Lü Liuliang’s understanding of Confucian history, particularly his negative evaluation of Yangming studies, was consistent with the views of the scholars representing the early Qing period, such as Gu Yanwu(顧炎武) and Wang Fuzhi(王夫之). Meanwhile, there were also positions in favor of Yangming studies in the early Qing period. Not only was there a position recognizing Yangming studies as the authentic line, as represented by Huang Zongxi, there were also tendencies that recognized the value of Zhuzi studies in the Ming dynasty or that synthesized Yangming and Zhuzi studies while remaining essentially in favor of Yangming studies, as represented by Sun Qifeng(孫奇逢) and Li Yong(李顒). Such diversity of views on Confucian history in the early Qing period suggests the possibility of analyzing the history of Ming dynasty Confucianism by focusing on the tendency critical and in opposition to Yangming studies or by examining the interactions between Yangming and Zhuzi studies while broadening the horizon to include Zhuzi studies tendencies.