蕺山 劉宗周의 ‘宋明儒學’評 ― 人物評을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper was intended to focus on a conception of ‘Song-Ming Confucianism’ of Liu Zongzhou(1578-1645) at the late Ming of China, and to examine how he understood and evaluated Confucian scholars of Song and Confucian scholars of Ming. As his disciple Huang Zongxi said, it seems troublesome to find an independent comment contained in his thought only from a point of view that Liu Zongzhou is a scholar of Yang Ming Philosophy’s typical genealogy. In other word, if Liu Zongzhou is classified as the traditional successor of Yang Ming Philosophy by evaluation of only Huang Zongxi, it is not sufficient to analyze the unique situation of late Ming of China. In the text of this paper, as far as the comment of Liu Zongzhou is focused, Liu Zongzhou as the philosopher started as a critic of Yukwang(陸王) study. It was Jeongju(程朱) study against Yukwang study, and was not the inverse at all. Base on such the standpoint, a respect for Zhou Dunyi and Yin tun, the Confucian scholar of Song was never changed during the lifetime. Then, his evaluation and recognition on Confucian scholars of Ming were reviewed. As the result, he strictly took a neglecting attitude to Xue Xuan, Chen Xianzhang, Luo Zhengyan, and Wang Ji among Confucian scholars of Ming. On the contrary, he highly prized Fang Xiaoru and Wu Yubi at the early Ming, Wang Shouren who is the founder of Yang Ming Philosophy, Xu Fuyuan, Gu Xiancheng and Gao Panlong of Dongrim(東林) party. Especially, he criticized the attitude of many scholars based on his position considering ‘a devotion and fidelity’, and then established it as a criterion of personal evaluation. It can be known that he evaluated the man based on an ethical and moral criterion of Confucianism. It was same in the evaluation of Confucian scholars of Song.