아세안 경제협력의 진화와 평가
Evolution of ASEAN Economic Cooperation
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The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (hereafter ASEAN) was established in 1967 in order to manage the conflicts of member states and to collectively deal with the changes of international order. Its main priority at the inception was political solidarity; but economic cooperation also became paramount since the mid 1970s. It is true that the efforts for economic integration within ASEAN evolved with time but the most definitive form that has emerged out of these is an 'ASEAN Community', promoted since 2000s. The ASEAN Community is made up of ASEAN Political Community, ASEAN Economic Community, and ASEAN Socio-cultural Community. This study aims to assess the progress made in forming ASEAN Economic Community due to be completed by 2015. Rather than using specific indicators for its definition, the ASEAN Economic Community is defined to exist when 4 objectives in the ASEAN community blueprint are met: a single market and production base; a highly competitive economic region; a region of equitable economic development; and a region fully integrated into the global economy. This study focuses on the achievements made to meet the first and the third objectives in order to analyse the extent to which ASEAN has moved closer to creating the ASEAN Economic Community. This study finds that both the level of intra-regional trade and integration have been falling since 2008 and thus it is difficult to say that the efforts to create a single market and achieve economic integration have been successful. For instance, the level of intra-regional direct investment has remained below 20%; the investment to the less developed countries within ASEAN has remained scarce; and lastly the investments of multinational corporations (MNCs) have concentrated on service industry rather than manufacturing industry. All of these confirm that the creation of a single market has a long way to go. This study also looks at the changes of income per capita of member countries as well as the differences in national income at specific time intervals to find out whether or not there has been any significant progress made to reduce the development gap within ASEAN. It finds that, as a result of economic growth and social development, the quality of life for advanced countries has improved dramatically whereas that of CLMV countries has still remained at low-level.
Abstract
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (hereafter ASEAN) was established in 1967 in order to manage the conflicts of member states and to collectively deal with the changes of international order. Its main priority at the inception was political solidarity; but economic cooperation also became paramount since the mid 1970s. It is true that the efforts for economic integration within ASEAN evolved with time but the most definitive form that has emerged out of these is an 'ASEAN Community', promoted since 2000s. The ASEAN Community is made up of ASEAN Political Community, ASEAN Economic Community, and ASEAN Socio-cultural Community. This study aims to assess the progress made in forming ASEAN Economic Community due to be completed by 2015. Rather than using specific indicators for its definition, the ASEAN Economic Community is defined to exist when 4 objectives in the ASEAN community blueprint are met: a single market and production base; a highly competitive economic region; a region of equitable economic development; and a region fully integrated into the global economy. This study focuses on the achievements made to meet the first and the third objectives in order to analyse the extent to which ASEAN has moved closer to creating the ASEAN Economic Community. This study finds that both the level of intra-regional trade and integration have been falling since 2008 and thus it is difficult to say that the efforts to create a single market and achieve economic integration have been successful. For instance, the level of intra-regional direct investment has remained below 20%; the investment to the less developed countries within ASEAN has remained scarce; and lastly the investments of multinational corporations (MNCs) have concentrated on service industry rather than manufacturing industry. All of these confirm that the creation of a single market has a long way to go. This study also looks at the changes of income per capita of member countries as well as the differences in national income at specific time intervals to find out whether or not there has been any significant progress made to reduce the development gap within ASEAN. It finds that, as a result of economic growth and social development, the quality of life for advanced countries has improved dramatically whereas that of CLMV countries has still remained at low-level.
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