조선 태종 5년 동맹가첩목아(童猛哥帖木兒)의 明 “入朝”를 둘러싼 朝鮮과 明과 동맹가첩목아 사이의 관계성에 대한 탈중심적/탈경계적 해석

Abstract

Möngke Temür(童猛哥帖木兒) known as a direct forefather of Nurhaci, had been defined as a tributary by early Chosŏn kings for more than 20 years and he finally decided to pay “tributary visit(入朝)” to Ming in 1405. This has been understood as irrefutable proof of consolidation of Sinocentric orders in Southern Manchuria in early 15th century. In this paper, I try to dismantle this existing frameworks where “Sinocentric” views have highly been essentialized. First of all, expansion of “Sinocentric” world orders of Ming into Manchuria by incorporating Jurchen leaders such as Möngke Temür, was not just a process Ming alone could initiate, but also a process Ming could carry out only by negotiating with Chosŏn and appropriating its imagined and contingent “Chosŏn-centered” regional order. Second of all, it was in this context those Jurchen leaders including Möngke Temür who look seemingly a passive “vassals” at the bottom of sinocentric hierarchy, actually could have initiatives by deliberately playing both sides as the “tributary” of the both sides. Möngke Temür’s “tributary visit(入朝)” to Ming in 1405 looks seemingly as a consolidation of vertical hierarchy of Sinocentric world order of Ming, but the context which is inseparable from this “result”, was paradoxically to show us that this so-called Sinocentric world order centered by Ming, actually could not even be built and maintained without collaboration of “others” such as Chosŏn Kings and Jurchen leaders who have been marginalized by that “center”.