용문석굴 고양동과 골굴석굴의 비교연구

Abstract

Longmen Caves are important cave temples in Chinese art history to understand cave temple construction and Buddha image style from the dynasty of BeiWei to the present days. They also had a great influence on Cave temples in Korea, and inscriptions of construction remain, providing abundant data. In this paper, we compared and explored Guyang Caves, the first cut among the Longmen Caves, and Golgul Caves, a Korean Cave temple. Longmen Guyang Caves have 19 out of 20 Longmen, and several inscriptions engraved therein also reveal the caves cutting, Buddha image construction, and construction faith at the time. Longmen Guyang Caves enshrines the Buddha image in the Shakyamuni Triad on the wall with the basic structure of a horseshoe, and a large number of tabernacles were created by dividing them into three floors on both walls and constructing large‐scale Buddha images. Buddha images show a Buddha image style that has more evolved into Chinese painting than Yungang Caves, and the Sakyamuni image and the Maitreya image were mainly enshrined. To examine the contents of the letter markings on the construction inscriptions as well as the iconographic specification, it can be seen that it was constructed based on Lotus Sutra thought. When comparing Golgul Caves and Longmen Guyang Caves, the cutting time of Longmen Guyang Caves is ahead of that of GolgulCaves, but it was the place visited by monks studying abroad since the Shilla era, and is believed to have influenced the cutting of Golgul Caves. The basic structure of both two caves is a horseshoe‐shaped U‐shaped plane, and at the entrance, there is a common thing that there used to be a wooden building. However, compared to Golgul Caves consisting of 10 monks common room caves in one worshiping cave, the difference is that Longmen Caves are difficult to distinguish between worshiping caves and monks common room caves. However, the construction thought of the two Caves is based on the Lotus Sutra thought, confirming that the Longmen Guyang Caves had a great influence on the Buddha image construction in Korea.