돈황 285굴과 골굴석굴의 석굴 구조와 도상의 비교 연구

Abstract

The stone cave structure and Buddhist statues and painting at Dunhuang 285‐cave are the most important stone caves in the Western Wei Dynasty, and the Buddhist statues and painting on the wall are the most important Buddhist art representing this era. In addition, Shilla's Golgul Caves were created by inheriting these stone caves on the Silk Road, and as they are closest to those of Indian’s and Chinese stone caves, so they are regarded very important in Korean stone caves. First, the structure of the main chamber of the stone cave is a flat plane with a Dunhuang 285‐cave close to a square shape, whereas the Golgul Buddhist sanctum cave is a rectangular shape, which is in contrast. Second, only the Main Buddha Statue on the main wall of Dunhuang 285‐cave was built, while the main Buddha statues are Maitreya Buddha statue seated on a chair and accompanying Bodhisattva that are the Maitreya Buddha Triad including Daemyosang and Beoprimbosal, and the images of two small niches (小龕室) are presumed to be Muchak and Sechin, the founders of the Yogacara vijnaptimatra. Third, the mural is depicted throughout the four walls and ceiling of Dunhuang 285‐cave. The characteristic of this mural is the content iconographicized from Amitabha thought (Jeongto3bugyeong) and the Lotus Sutra thought, and it is evaluated as a thought that assists the Yogacara vijnaptimatra thought in the main Maitreya Buddha. Fourth, Golgul Caves and Dunhuang 285‐cave have the same structure, iconography characteristics, and formative thoughts, and have different points. The stone cave structure is the same structure consisting of the front chamber and the main chamber, but the Golgul Buddhist sanctum cave has a rectangular main chamber, and the Dunhuang 285‐cave has a square shape and is almost similar, and the ceiling is the flat ceiling of the Golgul main hall, but the 285‐cave is different because it is Bokducheonjeong (伏斗天井) that looks like a horse is upset. In addition, Dunhuang 285‐cave enshrined the Maitreya Triad Statue as the main entity in the chamber of the main wall, but in the Golgul Buddhist sanctum cave, Buddha statues were enclosed on the left and right, but the Main Buddha Statues on the front wall were not confirmed, and the rock cliff Shakyamuni Buddha in the unified Shilla is placed on the side wall and serves as the Main Buddha Statue. In addition, the four walls and ceiling of Dunhuang 285‐cave are painted entirely with mural paintings, but the difference is that the Golgul Buddhist sanctum cave is magnificent only with sculpture without mural paintings. Fifth, Dunhuang 285‐cave was created by the Yogacara vijnaptimatra thought when it was founded, and it is said that here Beobhwa thought and Amitabha thought were added to this and gradually expanded to the Beobhwa and Amitabha faith. In contrast, it is possible that the Yogacara vijnaptimatra thought was the main faith when the Golgul stone cave was first founded, but it is believed that at the time of the Unified Shilla, the Beobhwa thought was the main faith.