중국 용문석굴의 탑파에 대한 고찰

Abstract

The three major Chinese stone caves, Dunhuang Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes, and Longmen Grottoes, were constructed with Buddhist pagodas of the various techniques and styles. These pagodas faithfully reflect the style of pagodas popular at the time, and are also important data to examine the contrast techniques and styles of pagodas in early China. Furthermore, it can be said to be a valuable material for understanding the origin and development process of Buddhist pagodas in the early days of Korea. Longmen Grottoes began to be built in the process of actively implementing Hanwha policies and Buddhist promotion policies when Bukwi moved to Nakyang in November 494. Since then, stone caves have been steadily built, but the largest number of stone caves were built during the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, in Longmen Grottoes, stone caves from the late 5th century to the late 7th century are the mainstream, and a considerable number of Buddha statues and Buddhist pagodas from this period are built. Currently, the pagoda built in Longmen Grottoes is mainly composed of Relief pagoda, and it is largely divided into five types, such as twin pagodas on the left and right or single. In addition, there are origins at the national level, but it is understood that there are many pagodas built by personal origin to build or worship public virtues. Perhaps that’s why most of the small-scale Relief pagoda occupies compared to Yungang Grottoes. This suggests a personal origin and a change in Buddhist beliefs that are fluctuating in reality as clandestine religion was prevalent in the time. In addition, Longmen Grottoes shows an aspect of Chineseized Buddhist culture beyond the ancient Indian stone cave tradition, and the pagoda reflects this pattern, which is considered a valuable material in art history.