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교수설계자가 설계 과정에서 활용하는 질적 자료 탐색

Exploring Qualitative Data used by Instructional Designers During Design

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주제분류교육학

초록

교수설계는 교육공학의 중요한 정체성이자, 고유한 핵심역량이다. 많은 교수설계모형에서 다양한 질적인 자료 수집과 분석의 활용을 강조하고 있지만, 이러한 기법들이 설계 현장에서 실제 활용되고 있는지, 또한 어떻게 활용되는지 조사한 연구는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 교수설계자가 교수설계 과정에서 질적 자료를 활용하는 양상과 특징을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 기업 HRD와 이러닝에서 직업 교수설계자로 근무한 경험이 있는 10명의 교육공학 전공자를 대상으로 심층면담을 진행하였다. 면담자료는 전사한 뒤, 내용분석 및 질적 주제분석하여 특징을 도출하였다. 연구 결과, 교육공학 전공인 교수설계자는 자료기반 교수설계를 하고 있으며, 설계 과정에서 다양한 질적 방법을 활용하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가장 많이 활용하는 자료원은 문서와 개별면담이었으며, 교수설계 단계 측면에서는 분석 단계에서 가장 많은 자료를 수집하였다. 질적 방법 활용 특성은 첫째, 교육의 기획과 구체적인 내용을 개발하기 위하여 자료를 수집 및 활용하였다. 둘째, 자료원은 공통적으로 인터넷 문서가 많이 사용되며, 집합교육에서는 문서자료 활용에, 이러닝에서는 SME 면담에 많이 의존하고 있었다. 셋째, 자료 수집과 분석의 특징은 좋은 자료의 선별, 준SME 되기, 발견과 변형, 삼각검증하기로 나타났다. 넷째, 설계적 의사결정은 공식적, 비공식으로 이루어지고 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과에 기반하여 실천, 실천에 효과적으로 연계될 수 있는 학부 및 대학원에서의 교수설계 교육과정, 연구에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

Abstract

Instructional design is an important identity of educational technology and a unique core competency. Various qualitative methods are heavily used for data collection and analysis in many instructional models. However, there has been no studies investigating whether or not these qualitative techniques are used in the practical field. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of instructional designers using qualitative data in the instructional design process. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 professional instructional designers who majored in educational technology in the field of corporate HRD and e-learning. Interview data were transcribed and analyzed based on content analysis and theme analysis. Consequently, the results showed that instructional designers majoring in educational technology conduct data-based instructional design and use various qualitative methods in the design process. The most frequently used data were documents and individual interviews in the analysis phase. Regarding the characteristics of qualitative methods used, first, data were collected and utilized to plan education and develop specific contents. Second, Internet-based documents were commonly used as data sources, and they relied heavily on SME interviews in e-learning while using document data in offline learning. Third, the characteristics of data collection and analysis were the selection of good data, becoming semi-SME, discovery and transformation, and triangular verification. Fourth, design decisions were made formally and informally. Based on the results, implications for practice, instructional design curriculum that can be effectively linked to practice, and research were presented.

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