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팀프로젝트학습에서 학습자의 효능감과 스캐폴딩이 학습참여도와 성취도에 미치는 영향

Effects of students' efficacy beliefs and scaffolding on learning engagement and achievement in team project-based learning

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 팀프로젝트학습에서 학습자의 효능감과 스캐폴딩이 학습과정으로서의 학습참여도와 학습성과로서의 집단성취도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 프로젝트학습의 성공을 위한 학습자 참여에 연계되는 요인으로 학습자의 개인효능감과 집단효능감을 선정하고, 의미있는 학습 참여를 촉진하고 안내하기 위한 스캐폴딩을 제공하였다. 그리고, 이들 요인들과 프로젝트학습의 과정과 결과와의 관계를 분석하였다. 총 130명의 대학생이 27개의 팀으로 나누어 총 7주간에 걸쳐 팀프로젝트를 수행하였다. 프로젝트학습을 위하여 주어진 과제는 다양한 상담이론을 적용하여 주어진 사례에 대한 상담계획을 설계하는 것이고, 최종결과물은 설계안이 포함된 보고서이다. 개인효능감과 집단효능감은 과제 수행 초기에 측정되었고, 과제 수행 마무리 단계에서 학습참여도와 성취도 자료가 수집되고 분석되었다. 수집된 자료의 상관관계 분석 및 회귀분석 결과, 집단효능감과 스캐폴딩이 학습참여도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 성취도는 스캐폴딩의 제시 유형에 따라서 내용 지향 스캐폴딩 집단과 내용 및 과정 지향 스캐폴딩 집단이 과정 지향 스캐폴딩 집단보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통하여 학습자의 효능감과 스캐폴딩이 학습 결과에 미치는 다양한 영향에 대한 심층적 분석이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of students' efficacy beliefs and scaffolding on learning engagement and group performance as a learning achievement in team project-based learning. The students' efficacy beliefs for individual study and group work are critical to successful project-based learning. Scaffolding for supporting active participation and guiding deep learning may enhance learning outcomes in project-based learning. Participants were 130 undergraduate students who enrolled in an education course at a university and data from 90 among them were analyzed. They were assigned in 27 groups and worked in a team project for designing counseling for 7 weeks. Major learning activities of the project included analyzing the given cases and designing a counseling plan to solve the problem of the cases. The final outcomes that the participants produced in the project were a team report and presentation. During the project work, participants were allowed to use online bulletin boards as a main learning platform, and the instructor posted messages as scaffolding on the online bulletin boards five times. The participants' self-efficacy was measured before the project work and their collective efficacy in the third week of the project work. Learning engagement and perceptions on scaffolding were investigated, and the final outcomes of the project work were collected after completing the project work. As a result, multiple regression analysis indicated that students' collective efficacy and scaffolding predicted learning engagement only. Also, achievements among groups with different scaffolds are different statistically. The groups that received either content-oriented scaffolds or both process- and content-oriented scaffolds performed better than the groups that received process-oriented scaffolds.

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