인지․정서조절, 집단효능감, 스캐폴딩이 대학생의 프로젝트학습의 성과에 미치는 영향
Effects of Cognition and Emotion Regulation, Collective Efficacy and Scaffolding on Learning Outcome in Undergraduates’ Project-Based Learning
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초록
본 연구는 소집단 협력을 기반으로 이루어지는 프로젝트학습에서 학습자의 인지조절, 정서조절과 집단효능감, 그리고 교수자가 제공하는 스캐폴딩이 학습참여와 학업성취에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 프로젝트학습의 긍정적인 성과에 영향을 미치는 학습자 요인으로 학습과정의 인지조절, 정서조절, 집단효능감을 선정하고, 환경 요인으로 교수자의 스캐폴딩을 제공하였다. 그리고 이들 요인과 프로젝트학습의 참여 과정과 학습 결과를 분석하였다. 총 90명의 대학생이 22개의 팀으로 나누어 전체 7주간에 걸쳐 프로젝트를 수행하였다. 프로젝트학습에서 학생들이 수행한 과제는 미리 주어진 시나리오를 토대로 학습자의 특성을 분석하고 동기이론을 적용한 수업을 설계하는 것이고, 최종결과물은 설계안이 포함된 보고서이다. 학습자의 인지조절, 정서조절은 프로젝트학습 시행 초기에 조사되었고, 집단효능감은 프로젝트 수행의 후반기에, 스캐폴딩에 대한 인지도는 최종 결과물 발표 전에서 조사되었다. 프로젝트 수행 과정을 평가하기 위하여 학습자의 학습참여 수준이 조사되었고, 학습 결과는 프로젝트 수행 결과와 지식 습득 평가를 통하여 분석되었다. 그 결과, 학습자의 인지조절과 집단효능감이 학습참여에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 제공된 스캐폴딩의 유형에 따른 학업성취는 전략적⋅정의적 스캐폴딩 집단과 정의적 스캐폴딩 집단이 전략적 스캐폴딩만 제공된 집단보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 프로젝트학습의 성과에 미치는 학습자의 요인과 환경 요인에 대한 다양한 분석 연구가 지속적으로 필요함을 제언하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of cognition regulation, emotion regulation, collective efficacy and instructors’ scaffolding on learning outcome in university students’ project-based learning. It is assumed that learners’ cognition and emotion regulation, efficacy beliefs for group work are vital to successful project-based learning. An instructors’ scaffolding for knowledge construction and affective experience may promote learning outcomes in project-based learning. 90 undergraduates who enrolled in an education course at a Korean university were participated in the study. They were assigned to 22 groups and worked on a team project for designing a motivational learning for seven weeks. The participants’ cognition and emotion regulation was measured at the beginning of the project work, and their collective efficacy, perceptions on scaffolding and learning engagement at the end of project work. As a result, multiple regression analysis indicated that the students’ cognition regulation and collective efficacy predicted learning engagement. Also, learning achievement by the type of scaffolding was different statistically. According to project results, the groups that received both strategic and affective scaffolds performed best. More studies were recommended for deeper and wider understanding on various learning factors and affective scaffolds that enhance learning outcomes in project-based learning.
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