19세기 농민경영의 추이와 지향 - 경상도 안동 金溪里 의성김씨가 작인들 -

Abstract

This article aims to explore the trends of the farm size and its orientation through the tenants who run the lands owned by Euiseong Kim Clan at Keumgye-ri, Andong, in 19th century. Although tenants who worked on the farm owned by the Kim Clan in 19th century had a variety of statuses, the farming methods they devised were in substantial agreement with each other. The farming methods such as inter-cropping (間種), depth tillage(根耕), crop-mixing(混作) were carried out in a dry field, while two crops both rice and barley were raised a year in a rice paddy. The tenants conducted a high-level of intensive agriculture with the diversification of farm products. Therefore, it was the system of small quantity bach production the farmers made use of. When they were confronted with corruption of taxation system, the tenants focused on intensive farming method instead of shortening the farm size. Therefore, the advancement of the system of small quantity bach production was in accordance with reduction of the arable acreage. The farmers of late 19th century stayed at one place much longer than ones of early 18th century did, because they producted more grain than before by using intensive agriculture. Therefore, the system of small quantity bach production was more likely to give self-sufficiency of farm products and stabilization of living than mass production of a few selected items