삼국유사 고조선조의 ‘昔有桓𡆮’ 문제
On ‘Suk-Yu-Hwan-In(昔有桓𡆮)’ in Samguk Yusa
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This paper is to give a verdict which is correct either ‘suk-yu-hwan-guk(昔有桓國)’ or ‘suk-yu-hwan-in(昔有桓因)’, the first phrase of Ko-ki(古記) quoted from Samguk-Yusa. At first, I reviewed research history on this problem from Chosen Dynasty to modern times. From result of this review, I found two kind of decipherments on this phrase exist from Chosen Dynasty and the reason of why there were two kind of decipherments are originated from old printed versions of Samguk-Yusa, namely as ‘guk’ or ‘in’ was printed by variant character that there existed different kinds of decipherment. Second, I examined a decipherment as ‘suk-yu-hwan-guk’ and I judged it can’t be accepted because of some reasons. Scholars who insisted on ‘suk-yu-hwan-guk’ is correct said that there existed a state called Hwan-guk before Tangun Chosen and Korea has very long history compared with Japanese history. So Japanese historians attempted to reduce Korean history and they denied Tangun Chosen as well as Hwanguk. As a part of this attempt, they recomposited ‘suk-yu-hwan-guk’ to ‘suk-yu-hwan-in.’ As far as Imsin year printed version of Samguk Yusa, it cannot be denied that ‘guk’ recomposited to ‘in’. But they did not proof the a possibility of recomposite by another person. More than they did not explained that if Japanese historians try to obliterate ancient history of Korea, why they published Imsin year printed version which included another historical materials on Tangun. Last, I insisted that ‘suk-yu-hwan-in’ is correct in three reasons. ① Older prinred version of Samguk Yusa, for example Parun printed version, there were ‘suk-yu-hwan-in(𡆮)’ and ‘𡆮’ is variant character of ‘in(因)’. ② According to a footnote in Samguk Yusa, ‘Hwan-in’ is the same as Sakra-Devanam-Indra, ③ As historical materials written and published before Imsin year(1512) printed version, they all made mention of ‘Hwan-in’ as a grandfather of King Tangun, but did not appeared as ‘Hwan-guk’. I hope that the studies on Tangun advanced based on the phrase of ‘suk-yu-hwan-in’ hereafter.
Abstract
This paper is to give a verdict which is correct either ‘suk-yu-hwan-guk(昔有桓國)’ or ‘suk-yu-hwan-in(昔有桓因)’, the first phrase of Ko-ki(古記) quoted from Samguk-Yusa. At first, I reviewed research history on this problem from Chosen Dynasty to modern times. From result of this review, I found two kind of decipherments on this phrase exist from Chosen Dynasty and the reason of why there were two kind of decipherments are originated from old printed versions of Samguk-Yusa, namely as ‘guk’ or ‘in’ was printed by variant character that there existed different kinds of decipherment. Second, I examined a decipherment as ‘suk-yu-hwan-guk’ and I judged it can’t be accepted because of some reasons. Scholars who insisted on ‘suk-yu-hwan-guk’ is correct said that there existed a state called Hwan-guk before Tangun Chosen and Korea has very long history compared with Japanese history. So Japanese historians attempted to reduce Korean history and they denied Tangun Chosen as well as Hwanguk. As a part of this attempt, they recomposited ‘suk-yu-hwan-guk’ to ‘suk-yu-hwan-in.’ As far as Imsin year printed version of Samguk Yusa, it cannot be denied that ‘guk’ recomposited to ‘in’. But they did not proof the a possibility of recomposite by another person. More than they did not explained that if Japanese historians try to obliterate ancient history of Korea, why they published Imsin year printed version which included another historical materials on Tangun. Last, I insisted that ‘suk-yu-hwan-in’ is correct in three reasons. ① Older prinred version of Samguk Yusa, for example Parun printed version, there were ‘suk-yu-hwan-in(𡆮)’ and ‘𡆮’ is variant character of ‘in(因)’. ② According to a footnote in Samguk Yusa, ‘Hwan-in’ is the same as Sakra-Devanam-Indra, ③ As historical materials written and published before Imsin year(1512) printed version, they all made mention of ‘Hwan-in’ as a grandfather of King Tangun, but did not appeared as ‘Hwan-guk’. I hope that the studies on Tangun advanced based on the phrase of ‘suk-yu-hwan-in’ hereafter.
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