중세한국어 지시사 ‘그’ 연구: 『석보상절』을 중심으로
A Study on keu in Middle Korean: Focusing on Seokbosangjeol
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A demonstrative keu in Middle Korean has been understood from the same perspective as keu in Present Day Korean so far. However, it is hard to understand why the demonstrative system of Korean has remained constant for more than five centuries. Therefore, this study’s purpose was to clearly describe the character of keu in Middle Korean by carefully examining the meaning and usage of it for the Seokbosangjeol, a liberal translation of various Buddhist Sutra wrote in Classical Chinese. As a result, it was argued that keu in Middle Korean was a demonstrative used only endophorically in Seokbosangjeol, unlike the other demonstrative i and tyeo, which were used both exophorically and endophorically. Keu was also preferred to translate endophoric use and avoided interpreting exophoric use of demonstratives in Classical Chinese. So it is carefully considered that the demonstrative system of Middle Korean consisted of speaker-proximal i, distal tyeo and endophoric(anaphoric) keu. It was found that keu had three endophoric uses: nominal anaphora, associative anaphora, textual anaphora. Although i also had those three uses, the associative use of keu was of higher frequency than of i. Tyeo had nominal anaphoric use. This study mainly focused on examining Seokbosangjeol. I admit its limitation and mention some remaining issues. First, the scope of the literature in Middle Korean should be broadened. So we can describe the character of keu and the demonstrative system in Middle Korean more precisely. Second, because both keu and i had the same endophoric uses, and this is also true in Present Day Korean, the difference between endophoric keu and i need to be examined.
Abstract
A demonstrative keu in Middle Korean has been understood from the same perspective as keu in Present Day Korean so far. However, it is hard to understand why the demonstrative system of Korean has remained constant for more than five centuries. Therefore, this study’s purpose was to clearly describe the character of keu in Middle Korean by carefully examining the meaning and usage of it for the Seokbosangjeol, a liberal translation of various Buddhist Sutra wrote in Classical Chinese. As a result, it was argued that keu in Middle Korean was a demonstrative used only endophorically in Seokbosangjeol, unlike the other demonstrative i and tyeo, which were used both exophorically and endophorically. Keu was also preferred to translate endophoric use and avoided interpreting exophoric use of demonstratives in Classical Chinese. So it is carefully considered that the demonstrative system of Middle Korean consisted of speaker-proximal i, distal tyeo and endophoric(anaphoric) keu. It was found that keu had three endophoric uses: nominal anaphora, associative anaphora, textual anaphora. Although i also had those three uses, the associative use of keu was of higher frequency than of i. Tyeo had nominal anaphoric use. This study mainly focused on examining Seokbosangjeol. I admit its limitation and mention some remaining issues. First, the scope of the literature in Middle Korean should be broadened. So we can describe the character of keu and the demonstrative system in Middle Korean more precisely. Second, because both keu and i had the same endophoric uses, and this is also true in Present Day Korean, the difference between endophoric keu and i need to be examined.
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