經學家 段玉裁의 교감이론 “定是非, 求一是” - 「與諸同志書論校書之難」의 분석 -

Abstract

Duan Yucai(1735~1815), a famous classicist in the Qing Dynasty, recognized that the Chinese Classics could be understood on the basis of ancient Chinese phonological and character system, furthermore made a lot of significant revisions on the Confucius Classics by means of the phonological and graphonomy knowledge. Especially, he concentrated to find the traces of proto-texts which are hidden under surface of the extant versions. But his revision works encountered sharp criticism of Gu Guangqi(1766~1835) who was a professional reviser of Chinese Classics. Gu criticised that the outcomes of Duan’s revision did not only have the authenticity of proto-texts, but also they obliterated possibility of diverse comprehensions of the classical texts as a result. As Duan had a series of dispute about methodology of textual criticism with Gu, he felt a necessity to systematize his theory about revision of classics and wrote a significant essay on Chinese textual criticism in 1808, that is “a letter to the comrades on the difficulty of textual criticism”. In this essay, he argued that textual criticism should pursue to distinguish right and wrong of meanings beyond various versions, and it is the most important purpose of textual criticism to judge the sole right meaning. To attain this end, he suggested a analytical methodology of the Confucius classics which consisted in original texts(經), first annotation(注), and second annotation(疏). Duan found out a lot of confusions of the texts had arisen by this three level structure. In order to revise the errors on the Confucius texts, he insisted, we should separate the level and reconstruct the original texts by means of reviser’s insight.