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고려중기 三韓聖母의 등장 배경과 의미

The Appearance and Meaning of Three Hans’ Holy Mother (Samhan Seongmo, 三韓聖母) on Middle Goryeo Dynasty

윤경진
규장각한국학연구원 (Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies)|2023.06|한국문화|제102호|pp. 63-96|DOI 10.22943/han.2023..102.003

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키워드

威肅王后三韓聖母智異山天王高麗世系東神聖母Queen Wisuk(威肅王后)Three Hans’ Holy Mother(Samhan Seongmo三韓聖母)Mt. Jiri(智異山)Heavenly Lord(cheonwang天王)The History of Generations that led to Goryeo(Goryeo Segye高麗世系)Mother Deity Dongshin(Dongshin Seongmo東神聖母)
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초록

Examined in this study is how Queen Wisuk(威肅王后) Han(韓氏), who was also the mother of Founder King Taejo Wang Geon, came to be revered as the “Three Hans’ Holy Mother(Samhan Seongmo, 三韓聖母),” and was eventually merged with Mt. Jiri’s “Heavenly Lord(天王)” deity. Also examined here is the meaning of such conceptual merge. The history of Wang Geon’s ancestors, described in The History of Generations that led to Goryeo(Goryeo Segye, 高麗世系), displays a historical notion of Goryeo being one with the late Goguryeo and then unifying the Three Hans by merging itself with Shilla. But at the same time, within the narratives, there is another notion that insinuates Goryeo’s existence as a different entity from Goguryeo, which still managed to unite the Three Hans notwithstanding. We can see this from the fact that Queen Wisuk was later referred to as the “Mother of all Three Hans(三韓之母).” While Mt. Baekdu symbolized the notion of Goryeo succeeding Goguryeo’s legacy, as it was always considered to be the origin of Goryeo(The Eastern Country)’s geographic feature, Mt. Jiri reflected the notion that all Three Hans were one, not only because it was the culmination point of Goryeo’s such features, but also because it was one of the country’s most representative mountains. In other words, the Goryeo people perceived the Three Hans as a result of the unification, and Mt. Jiri became the embodiment of such legacy. Just as the “Mother Deity(Shinmo, 神母) at Mt. Seondo” was reinterpreted as the “Mother Deity Dongshin (Dongshin Seongmo, 東神聖母),” the “Heavenly lord of Mt. Jiri(智異山)” came to be regarded as the reincarnation of Queen Wisuk. This led to a new title “Mother Deity as the Heavenly Lord(Seongmo Cheon’wang, 聖母天王),” which bred a new historical legacy referencing the Three Hans’ ultimate unification.

Abstract

Examined in this study is how Queen Wisuk(威肅王后) Han(韓氏), who was also the mother of Founder King Taejo Wang Geon, came to be revered as the “Three Hans’ Holy Mother(Samhan Seongmo, 三韓聖母),” and was eventually merged with Mt. Jiri’s “Heavenly Lord(天王)” deity. Also examined here is the meaning of such conceptual merge. The history of Wang Geon’s ancestors, described in The History of Generations that led to Goryeo(Goryeo Segye, 高麗世系), displays a historical notion of Goryeo being one with the late Goguryeo and then unifying the Three Hans by merging itself with Shilla. But at the same time, within the narratives, there is another notion that insinuates Goryeo’s existence as a different entity from Goguryeo, which still managed to unite the Three Hans notwithstanding. We can see this from the fact that Queen Wisuk was later referred to as the “Mother of all Three Hans(三韓之母).” While Mt. Baekdu symbolized the notion of Goryeo succeeding Goguryeo’s legacy, as it was always considered to be the origin of Goryeo(The Eastern Country)’s geographic feature, Mt. Jiri reflected the notion that all Three Hans were one, not only because it was the culmination point of Goryeo’s such features, but also because it was one of the country’s most representative mountains. In other words, the Goryeo people perceived the Three Hans as a result of the unification, and Mt. Jiri became the embodiment of such legacy. Just as the “Mother Deity(Shinmo, 神母) at Mt. Seondo” was reinterpreted as the “Mother Deity Dongshin (Dongshin Seongmo, 東神聖母),” the “Heavenly lord of Mt. Jiri(智異山)” came to be regarded as the reincarnation of Queen Wisuk. This led to a new title “Mother Deity as the Heavenly Lord(Seongmo Cheon’wang, 聖母天王),” which bred a new historical legacy referencing the Three Hans’ ultimate unification.

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「高麗世系」의 서사와 역사계승의식윤경진수선사학회 · 사림2023 · 제84호고려의 三韓一統意識과 ‘開國’ 인식윤경진규장각한국학연구원 · 한국문화2016 · 제74호고려중기 東神聖母의 재해석과 仙桃聖母윤경진규장각한국학연구원 · 한국문화2022 · 제98호여신 숭배의 전통과 고려시대 성모 인식나희라한국여성사학회 · 여성과 역사2025 · 제42호『三國遺事』 수록 仙桃山 神母 전승의 분석윤경진수선사학회 · 사림2022 · 제80호고려 성종대 歷史繼承意識의 전개 양상윤경진규장각한국학연구원 · 한국문화2017 · 제77호

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