大嬪宮의 연혁과 의례적 변화 양상

Abstract

Daebin-Gung Palace is the shrine of Heebin Jang, the concubine of King Sukjong and the birth mother of King Gyeongjong, and is included in Seven Shrines. Daebin-Gung appeared with a new title called Daebin, which was created for Gyeongjong’s return the grace of his birth mother. Daebin was not the name of Gung according to the system of Gungwon such as ‘Youksang’ and ‘Jeokyung’ and the gung of the Daebin-Gung was used as a multi-layered concept with the meaning of honorific name, gungbang, and shrine. With the establishment of Daebin's shrine in the reign of King Gyeongjong, the ritual of memorial service was arranged following the precedents of Inbin and shinbi. Although the ritual of Daebin received human and material support from the government office, it was held as a ritual without an heir, distinguishing it from the national memorial service by King Gyeongjong. In principle, the memorial service of the birth mother in private shrine was based on the private ritual, but it was a compromise between the royal ritual in which the eunuch perform without a chukmun. King Yeongjo maintained Daebin’s shrine, but Daebin was excluded from the System of Gungwon for the king's birth mother, the concubine. The ritual of Daebin was held mainly by the people of the gungbang, and it remained in a protruding form without securing a ceremonial status within the national memorial service. Therefore, King Jeongjo's decision to remove the Gungban's funds led to the disruption of the memorial service for Daebin. In response, King Jeongjo reorganized the ritual of Daebin-Gung by expanding state management and support. In this process, the tendency of private ritual in Daebin-Gung was removed according to the standards of national rituals. However, it emphasized the distinction from the national memorial service by adhering to the royal ritual characteristics of eunuchs without chukmun. In the reign of King Gojong, Daebin-Gung was relocated to the separate shrine of Yuksang-Gung, and the ritual was changed by applying the principle of Jocheon. Although it was located along with Yuksang-Gung, it was excluded from the ceremony of bowing conducted by the king and the difference was maintained in the ritual food. With the incorporation to the area of Yuksang-Gung in 1908, the court ritual was simplified, and the difference in the Daebin’s ritual was eased. In the Japanese colonial era, Daebin-Gung secured its ritual status as one of the Seven shrines, along with the Gung that received the name of Gung.