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메리 아스텔의 초기 여성주의 - “잉글랜드국교회의 딸”과 지식의 정치

Mary Astell’s Early Feminism “A Daughter of the Church of England” and the Politics of Knowledge

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초록

본 논문의 목적은 아스텔의 주요 저작을 잉글랜드국교회의 풍속개혁 운동의 맥락에서 읽고 그의 “초기 여성주의” 전략의 의미를 이해하는 것이다. 아스텔 연구사를 개괄하는 1장을 지나, 2장은 왕정복고 이후 국교회 여성교화론의 논리를 간략하게 검토하면서 여성의 지식과 교육이라는 주제가 중요해지는 과정을 살펴본다. 3장은 아스텔의 초기 주저인 『진지한 제안』(1694)과 『두 번째 제안』(1697)이 국교회 여성교화론으로부터어떻게 ‘여성주의적’ 논변을 구축하는가를 확인하고, 특히 여성의 지식이라는 주제가 전략적으로 활용되는 방식을 추적한다. 4장은 로크의 『기독교의 합리성』을 비롯한 1690년대 중후반의 관용론 저술의 전략과 아스텔의 입장이 어떻게 충돌하는지를 분석하고, 이에 응답하여 아스텔이 후기 주저 『기독교론』(1705)에서 여성을 위한 지식의 정치를 어떻게 수행하는지를 읽어 본다. 결론에서는 아스텔과 초기 여성주의 연구의 의의를 돌아본다.

Abstract

This article’s aim is to interpret Mary Astell’s major works within the context of the Anglican “reformation of manners” movement and to clarify the significance of her “early feminist” tactics. After presenting the historiography of the Astell studies in the first section, the second section briefly reviews the rationale for female reform in the Anglican “Restoration Church” and examines how the subject of women’s knowledge and education came to be prominent. Section 3 examines her strategy for building a feminist argument from the Anglican reform of female manners in Serious Proposal (1694) and Second Proposal (1697), particularly her tactical use of the subject of women’s knowledge. The fourth section discusses Astell’s feminist politics of knowledge for women in The Christian Religion (1705), focusing on the conflict between her feminism and the post-revolutionary toleration works of the 1690s, particularly John Locke’s The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695). In the final section, the significance of understanding Astell and early feminism is revisited.

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