결혼, 여성의 의무인가? - 18세기 영국 지식인 여성들의 선택
Marriage, Women's Duty?: The Choice of Women Intellectuals in Eighteenth Century England
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초록
본 논문은 18세기에 새로운 결혼관이 정립될 때 영국의 여성지식인들이 이를 어떻게 수용했는지를 다루고 있다. 특히 당대의 진보적인 여성관을 주도한 메리 울스톤크래프트와 블루스타킹의 결혼관을 비교분석하여, 그들의 지향점이 약간씩은 달랐음에도 불구하고 결혼은 남녀의 자유로운 의사에 의한 결합이어야 한다는 계몽주의적 견해를 공유했음을 밝혔다. 이들은 결혼이 당시 남성지식인들의 주장대로 ‘여성의 의무’라는 담론을 넘어서서, 결혼은 특히 여성이 주도하는, 여성에 의한 선택이어야 한다고 강조하였다. 따라서 이들에 따르면 사회는 여성이 스스로 선택을 할 수 있도록 여성 교육을 허용해야 하며, 나아가 자발적인 비결혼 여성, 즉 독신 여성의 사회적 활동을 보장하는 환경을 조성해주어야 했다. 아니면 적어도 여성들끼리 우정과 연대에 기초한 조직, 예를 들어 이전의 수녀원과 유사한 조직이나 오늘날의 기숙학교와 비슷한 기구를 인정해주어야 한다고 주장한다. 그리고 그들은 이러한 대안적 기구나 조직을 직접 만들어 여성 교육을 담당하고자 하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine what was the thought of women intellectuals’ about marriage in Eighteenth-Century England. At that time, the view of marriage of Enlightenment was spread out the intellectuals with step by step, that is a kind of social contract. Mary Wollstonecraft and the Bluestockings played a important role in proliferating this concept of marriage and they shared the opinion, especially that was the choice of woman. Even though they had viewed the ‘women’s question’ in a different light, they persisted together that women have a right of the marriage and so need women’s education to prepare their own future by themselves. Furthermore, they also have had a attempt to build women’s social organization which founded on friendship and solidarity. It was Millenium Hall, a kind of convent or boarding school. Then it was explicit that they would have in mind, but come out, a solidarity and ‘new family’ to replace the marriage.
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