소련의 국제보건기구(WHO) 탈퇴 배경 재고
Rethinking the Soviet Union’s Withdrawal from the WHO in 1949
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 논문은 1949년 단행된 소련의 국제보건기구(WHO) 탈퇴 결정을 해명하는데 목적이 있다. 본고는 이를 기존 연구들처럼 냉전의 개시라는 국제정치 상황과 직결하기보다는 소련의 국내 사회, 특히 의학계의 분위기 변화에 주목하여 설명한다. 1949년은 카에르 사건 이후 소련의 정치권뿐만 아니라 의학계를 비롯한 소련 사회에서 기밀주의에 대한 집착과 반서방적 애국주의 물결이 정점에 이른 시기였다. 이런 분위기 속에서즈다노프와 같은 소련 정책 입안자들은 학문 및 의학 지식의 서방 유출과 서방 학계의소련 지식인들에 대한 침투 가능성에 매우 민감한 반응을 보였다. WHO는 두 위협이 실현될 수 있는 공간으로 인식되기 시작했으며, 이는 WHO 탈퇴 결정으로 이어졌다.
Abstract
This paper seeks to elucidate the historical context surrounding the Soviet Union’s decision to withdraw from the WHO. Previous scholarship has predominantly highlighted the influence of the Cold War, during which Moscow and Washington were frequently at odds over various issues. This study contends that the Soviet withdrawal was more intricately linked to its domestic social and political conditions than to the international Cold War context. The year 1949 represented a peak period when Soviet politicians’ preoccupation with secrecy, coupled with heightened patriotic sentiment among Soviet citizens following the KR affair, profoundly impacted the political and social landscape. Soviet policymakers, such as Zhdanov and Stalin, exhibited heightened sensitivity to the potential exfiltration of their academic and medical knowledge, as well as the potential infiltration of Western academia on their intellectuals. To those political leaders, the WHO was increasingly perceived as an arena where both threats could materialize.
참고문헌 (35)
- "러시아국립사회경제사 문서고 Российский государственный архив социально-политической истории (РГАСПИ)", 소련공산당 중앙위원회 문서철, ~
- Артизов, A. O. Наумов сост, "Власть и художественная интеллигенция. Документы ЦК РКП(б) — ВКП(б), ВЧК — ОГПУ — НКВД о культурной политике. 1917–1953" (2002), Международный фонд "Демократия"
- Горяева, T. M. сост, "История советской политической цензуры: Документыи комментарии" (1997), РОССПЭН
- Яковлева, A. H. ред, "Сталин и космополитизм. 1945 —1953. ДокументыАгитпропа ЦК" (2005), МФД
- Harriet L. Moore, "American Review of the Soviet Union 8" (1947), The American Russian Institute
- Diane P. Koenker, "Revelations from the Russian Archives" (1997), Library of Congress
- 고가영, "‘부르주아 민족주의’와 ‘뿌리 없는 코스모폴리타니즘’과의 전쟁", 역사문화연구, (49) (2014), 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소
- 노경덕, "냉전의 기원 : 21세기 연구의 성과", 인문학술, (12) (2024), 순천대학교 인문학술원
- N. A. 세마쉬코, "소련의 건강 보장" (2017), 건강미디어협동조합
- Ваксберг, А. И, "Сталин против евреев: секреты страшной эпохи" (1995), Liberty Publishing House
- Есаков, В. Д, "Дело «КР». Из истории гонений на советскуюинтеллигенцию", Кентавр, (2, 3) (1993)
- Костырченко, Г. В, "Тайная политика Сталина: власть и антисемитизм" (2003), Международные отношения
- Boterbloem, Kees, "The Life and Times of Andrei Zhdanov, 1896-1948" (2004), McGill-Queen’s University Press
- Brandenberger, David, "National Bolshevism : Stalinist Mass Culture and the Formation of Modern Russian National Identity, 1931-1956" (2002), Harvard University Press
- Burton, Chris, "Medical Welfare during Late Stalinism : A Study of Doctors and the Soviet Health System, 1945-53", Ph.D, pp.2000
- Cueto, Marcos, "The World Health Organization : A History" (2019), Cambridge University Press
- Gaiduk, Ilya V., "Divided Together: The United States and the Soviet Union in the United Nations, 1945-1965" (2012), Woodrow Wilson Center Press
- Jacobson, Harold K., "The USSR and the UN’s Economic and Social Activities" (1963), University of Notre Dame Press
- Jarovsky, David, "The Lysenko Affair" (1970), University of Chicago Press
- Golyakhovsky, Vladimir, "Russian Doctor" (1984), St. Martin
- Kojevnikov, Alexei, "Stalinism: New Directions" (2000), Routledge
- Krementsov, Nikolai, "The ‘KR Affair’ : Soviet Science on the Threshold of the Cold War", History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 17(3) (1995)
- Gaddis, "Stalinist Science" (1997), Princeton University Press
- Gaddis, "The Cure: A Story of Cancer and Politics from the Annals of the Cold War" (2002), University of Chicago Press
- Leffler, Melvyn, "Origins of the Cold War : International History" (1994), Routledge
- Osakwe, Chris, "The Participation of the Soviet Union in Universal International Organizations: A Political and Legal Analysis of Soviet Strategies and Aspirations inside ILO, UNESCO and WHO" (1972), A. W. SIJTHOFF
- Pollock, Ethan, "Stalin and the Soviet Science Wars" (2008), Princeton University Press
- Rubinstein, Alvin Z., "The Soviets in International Organizations : Changing Policy toward Developing Countries, 1953-63" (1964), Princeton University Press
- Schapiro, Leonard, "The Communist Party of the Soviet Union" (1960), Random House
- Slezkine, Yuri, "The Jewish Century" (2004), Princeton University Press
- Shulman, Marshall D., "Stalin’s Foreign Policy Reappraised" (1965), Atheneum
- Swayze, Harold, "Political Control of Literature in the USSR, 1946–1959" (1962), Harvard University Press
- Tomoff, Kiril, "Creative Union : The Professional Organization of Soviet Composers, 1939–1953" (2006), Cornell University Press
- Windholz, George, "1950 Joint Scientific Session : Pavlovians as the Accusers and the Accused", Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 33(1) (1997)
- Zajicek, Benjamin, "Scientific Psychiatry in Stalin’s Soviet Union: The Politics of Modern Medicine and the Struggle to Define ‘Pavlovian’ Psychiatry, 1939-1953", Ph.D, pp.2009