여성화, 끝나지 않는 기획: 『제인 에어』의 가정과 제국
Unfinished Business of Feminization: Domesticity and Empire in Jane Eyre
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이 논문은 샬럿 브론테의 『제인 에어』에 나타난 여성주체의 유동성, 이동성, 침투성을 분석함으로써 여성주체가 고정된 정체성이 아니라 제국주의적 수행의 구성물로반복 재현된 것임을 밝힌다. 가야트리 스피박의 탈식민주의 비평과 낸시 암스트롱의 신역사주의 가정소설론이 일구어 놓은 비판적 지평에서 출발하여, 두 비평이 교차하는 지점을 ‘여성화’의 맥락으로 재구성한다. 여성화에 대한 비판적 독해의 흐름을 수용하되기존 비평에서 누락된 여성주체의 경계성에 주목해 여성화 논의를 비판적으로 심화한다. 『제인 에어』 특유의 문화적 혼종성을 조명하고, 가정과 제국의 경계가 상호침투하면서 개인주의자 주체가 재현되는 양상을 분석한다. 지배체제에 깊이 연루된 여성주체가경계를 협상하고 탈주를 반복한다는 주장을 바탕으로 『제인 에어』를 페미니스트 고전으로 새롭게 읽기를 제안하며, 나아가 빅토리아시대 문학이 재현하는 국가, 여성, 제국의관계를 새롭게 의미화하는 실마리를 제시한다.
Abstract
This essay presents a reparative and nuanced re-reading of Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre with a focus on fluidity, mobility, and permeability of its protagonist to illuminate the dynamic configuration of feminine subjectivity, never given as a fixed identity, rather enacted through the repetitive imperial performativity. Observing that the distance between domestic space and remote empire is constantly recalibrated in the novel, this essay argues that subjectivity its heroine, forced to be mired in such recalibration, continues to take a risk for drastic disengagement and escape. While resonating with both Gayatri Spivak’s postcolonial critique of the novel’s imperial complicity and Nancy Armstrong’s criticism of domestic ideology, the essay endeavors to contextualize their intersectional critical interests under the rubric of ‘feminization.’ The essay analyzes the ways in which liminality and hybridity are represented relentlessly to unsettle the boundaries of binarism between home and empire, which leads to reevaluate the politics of feminization and its discontents and also helps expanding the discussion on the complex nexus of gender and nation in literary discourse and beyond.
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