『日本書紀』의 존칭어 「君」에 대하여- 한국관계기사에 인명과 사용된 용례를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study analyzes the examples of which “君” was used as an honorific title with names, and examines its characteristic of ancient pronunciation in Nihonshoki's Korea-related articles. The usage of “君” was quite limited, and most of them were used for the king and the royal family of Baekje. For some untypical cases, “君” was used after the names of various countries of MimanaKara meaning that the person is the sovereign of his or her country. In actuality, “君” appears a lot in the articles quoting the Baekje History Archives and also in the quotes made in Nihonseiki, written by Dohyun (aka. Doken), the monk of Koguryo; here, the compatible usage of “君” and “王 (or “王子”)” for the same person was very common. On the other hand, the “君” which was used with the names of several countries of MimanaKara has a distinct example of mixed use with Kanki (“旱岐”), the One Rank title of Silla, showing that “君” means “the ruler”. Also, the person who was sent to Japan on the behalf of the Baekje's royal family had “君” after his or her name; however, it was omitted in the sentence when clarifying that the person was not the actual royal family. Afterwards, the article instead wrote Kouhai (“甲背”) for the person's honorific title, showing that “君” was mainly used for the king and the royal family of Baekje. Furthermore, this paper explores the ancient pronunciation of “君” for the Korea-related appellation written on the old copy of Nihonshoki. “コキシ(kokiʃi)”, “キシ(kiʃi)”, and “セシ(ʃeʃi)”, “セシム(ʃeʃimu)” were the written pronunciations for “君”, but some parts of the copy read it as “キミ(kimi)”. The former pronunciations came from the ancient Korean words: “王”(king), “王子”(prince), “大王”(great king), “主”(sovereign), and “主君”(lord); the differences between the pronunciations seems to be influenced by the remains of phonologic changes which occurred going through the ages. Moreover, “キミ(kimi)” has some examples of being tagged after the names of Japanese officials; nevertheless, depending on which copy to refer, the honorific title after the Korean-related appellation was pronounced as “キシ(kiʃi)”—which the Japanese pronunciation for “君(kimi)” appears to be mispresented for.