베트남 내 중국 유교의 상징, 하노이 문묘(文廟)-국자감(國子監)에 관한 연구

Abstract

Vietnam can be said to be the country most affected by Chinese Confucianism in Southeast Asia. This is because Vietnam was influenced by Chinese culture from the early 7th century BC due to the geographical environment in which it was established with China. In particular, it is largely due to the direct control of China for 1,000 years as a subordinate state of China from the time of Emperor Wu, the Han Dynasty. Even after Vietnam gained independence from China in 972, various dynasties established a Chinese-style administrative and legal systems, and selected bureaucrats based on Confucianism and morality to rule the people and run the state. As a result, Chinese Confucianism has spread widely from the center to local communities and families, and has undergone a process of Vietnamization. In addition, in the process, Hanoi's Van Mieu and Quoc Tu Giam played a great role in transplanting Chinese Confucianism into Vietnamese culture as a shrine where Confucius was enshrined and rituals were held, respectively. Confucius tombs are distributed in Confucian culture, that is, in East Asia. Therefore, Van Mieu and Quoc Tu Giam of Hanoi, Vietnam, are representative symbols of Vietnamese Confucian culture, such as the Temple of Confucius and Guozijian, the sense of national pride in Beijing, China, and the Confucian Shrine and Seonggyungwan in Seoul, Korea. Vietnam's Hanoi Van Mieu and Quoc Tu Giam are representative cultural relics that have been well preserved in history with the long environmental changes for about a thousand years since its initial completion, while their buildings and facilities have been damaged, lost, repaired, and expanded. It is also a Confucius shrine and a Confucian temple where countless people visit on a daily basis to worship Confucius and Confucian saints. Van Mieu and Quoc Tu Giam have great value in cultural heritage, and show that Confucianism still plays an important role in people’s lives in Vietnam. In this respect, this study targets Hanoi's Van Mieu and Quoc Tu Giam to enhance understanding of Chinese Confucianism, which has been rooted as part of the traditional values of the Vietnamese culture. In addition, the purpose of the study is to examine their origins and development processes, and derive the characteristics of Hanoi's Van Mieu, Quoc Tu Giam and its Confucian implications. To this end, in Chapter 2, we first review domestic prior studies on Vietnam's Confucianism, including Hanoi’s Van Mieu and Quoc Tu Giam, and in Chapter 3, we examine the origins of Hanoi’s Van Mieu and Quoc Tu Giam. In Chapter 4, we examine the development and decline of each dynasty. Finally, in the conclusion, the contents examined in each chapter are summarized, while examining and deriving the characteristics of Vietnamese Confucianism inherent in Hanoi's Van Mieu and Quoc Tu Giam.