지능에 대한 암묵적 신념의 종단적 변화가 자기주도학습 시간을 매개로 학업성취에 미치는 효과
A longitudinal investigation into beliefs about intelligence and academic achievement:The mediating effects of self-directed learning
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이 연구의 목적은 지능에 대한 암묵적 신념(지능증가신념, 지능고정신념)이 자기주도학습 시간을 매개로 학업성취에 미치는 관계를 확인하는 것이다. 특히 지능에 대한 암묵적 신념을 시간의 경과에 따라 변화하는 변인으로 가정하고 잠재성장모형을 적용하여 변화 양상을 추정하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 한국교육종단연구 2005의 2~6차년도 자료를 활용하여 총 6,908명의 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 지능증가신념의 변화 양상은 선형변화모형이 적합하고, 지능고정신념의 변화 양상은 무변화모형이 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 자기주도학습 시간은 지능에 대한 암묵적 신념이 학업성취에 미치는 영향을 매개하는 변인으로서, 비선형 변화를 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 다변량 잠재성장모형을 분석한 결과, 지능증가신념의 초기값과 변화율만이 자기주도학습 시간의 변화율을 예측하였다. 또한 자기주도학습 시간은 지능증가신념과 학업성취의 관계를 완전 매개하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 두 가지 유형의 지능에 대한 암묵적 신념(지능증가신념, 지능고정신념)은 시간적 변화 양상에서 서로 다른 특성을 가지고 있으며, 이에 따라 자기주도학습 시간 및 학업성취와 가지는 관계가 차별적임을 보여주었다. 분석 결과를 종합하면, 자기주도학습 시간을 확보하고 자기주도학습 능력을 향상함으로써, 지능증가신념이 학업성취를 높이는데 보다 효과적으로 기능할 수 있음을 보여준 것이다. 위의 연구 결과를 기반으로 지능에 대한 암묵적 신념을 교육적으로 활용하는 방안 및 추후 연구의 방향을 제안하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of beliefs about intelligence on academic achievement, as well as to explore the mediating effects of self-directed learning time. In particular, we explored the longitudinal changes of fixed and growth mindsets using a multivariate latent growth model. Using 5 waves of data taken from The Korean Educational Longitudinal Study 2005, a total of 6,908 students’ responses were analyzed. The results revealed that a growth mindset showed significant change over time, whereas a fixed mindset was relatively stable. The intercept and slope of the growth mindset predicted self-directed learning time, which in turn, forecasts academic achievement. Self-directed learning time fully mediated the relationships between beliefs about intelligence and academic achievement. Educators and practitioners should pay closer attention to students’ beliefs about intelligence and the relationships with self-directed learning time in order to encourage students’ achievements.
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