저교정 굴절이상 유병률 및 관련 요인 분석: 국민건강 영양 조사자료 2008-2012
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Undercorrected Refractive Errors among South Korean: KNHANES 2008-2012
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목적: 국내 저교정 굴절이상의 유병률과 이와 관련된 요인을 밝히고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 2008년부터 2012년까지 국민건강영양조사를 완료한 36,162명의 우안을 기준으로 유병률을 산출했다. 저교정 굴절이상은 시력 교정을 하였을 때, 시력이 나안 시력 혹은 안경이나 콘택트렌즈를 착용하고 있을 때보다 시력이 2줄 이상 호전을 보이는 것으로 정의하였다. 직업군별로 저교정 굴절이상의 분율을 제시하고, 사회인구통계학적인 요인과 관련성을 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 제시하였다. 결과: 총 36,162명의 대상자 중 6,954명이, 40세 이상 19,884명 중 3,980명이 저교정 굴절이상에 해당하였고, 이는 전 연령대상 18.5%, 40세 이상에서 18.8%의 유병률로 추정되었다. 기존의 시력교정기구를 착용하는 군과 시력교정기구가 없는 군을 나누어서 보았을 때, 시력교정기구가 없는 군에서 저교정 굴절이상의 유병률은 23.1%로 높았다. 4줄 이상 시력 상승을 보인 군은 전체에서 7.2% (2,606)를 차지하였다. 직업군에서는 농업, 어업 등에 종사하는 군과 단순노동자에서 각각 22.8% (570/2,499), 20.2% (497/2,457)로 저교정된 굴절이상의 분율이 높았다. 연령별로는 30대를 기준으로 10대와 70대, 80대에서, 여성, 저소득층, 저학력층, 동거인이 없는 경우가 관련 요인으로 조사되었다. 결론: 저교정 굴절이상과 고령, 여성, 낮은 사회경제적 상태가 관련 있으므로, 이러한 취약층에 대한 공중보건학적인 접근이 필요하며, 적절한 시력 교정을 통한 저시력 예방 노력이 필요하다.
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of undercorrected refractive error in South Korea. Methods: We analyzed 36,162 participants for estimating prevalence using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008-2012). Undercorrected refractive error was defined as an improvement of at least 2 lines in best corrected visual acuity compared with the presenting visual acuity in the right eye. Proportion of undercorrected refractive error by occupation was presented, and associated sociodemographic factors were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of undercorrected refractive error among all participants and among adults was 8.5% (n/N, 6,954/36,162) and 18.8% (n/N, 3,980/19,884), respectively. The proportion of undercorrected refractive error was higher among those with did not wear spectacles or contact lenses (23.1%) than among spectacle or contact lens wearers (8.1%). The proportion of participants who gained more than four or more lines of best corrected visual acuity was 7.2% (n = 2,606) for the all age group. In terms of occupation, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations (22.8%, 570/2,499) and laborer (20.2%, 497/2,457) were more likely to have undercorrected refractive error. Age groups of 10s, 70s, or 80s (30s as a reference group), female sex, lower income, lower education level, and living without a spouse were associated with undercorrected refractive error. Conclusions: People of older age, female sex, and lower socioeconomic status were more likely to have undercorrected refractive error. This suggests that a public-health approach is needed for preventing visual impairment via proper vision correction.
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