스트레스-대처 이론을 적용한 청소년의 관계적 괴롭힘과 우울 간의 관계 검증 : 인지 및 대처 요인을 중심으로
Understanding the Relationship between Relational Victimization and Depression in Early Adolescence Based on Stress-Coping Theory : A Focus on Cognitive Factors and Coping Strategies
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 스트레스-대처 이론을 적용하여 청소년의 주요 스트레스 사건인 관계적 괴롭힘이 우울에 영향을 미치는 과정을 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 인지적 평가 요인의 일차 평가에 해당하는 위협 평가와 이차평가에 해당하는 자기효능감, 그리고 대처 요인인 관여 대처와 비관여 대처를 매개 변인으로 설정하여 관계적 괴롭힘과 우울 간의 관계 구조를 설정한 연구 모형을 개발하였다. 그리고 이러한 연구 모형을 검증하기 위하여 수도권 소재 중학교 재학생 1,238명을 대상으로 조사한 자료에 대하여 구조방정식을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 관계적 괴롭힘 피해경험이 위협평가와 비관여 대처를 통하여, 그리고 자기효능감과 관여 및 비관여 대처를 통하여 우울에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 매개효과의 차이를 비교하여 위협 평가와 비관여 대처 간의 관련성 및 자기효능감과 관여 대처 간의 관련성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에 근거하여 관계적 괴롭힘 피해 청소년의 우울을 예방 및 감소시키기 위한 개입 전략에 대한 함의가 제시되었다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to expand the body of research on relational victimization into the domain of stress-coping and adolescent depression in order to better understand the processes of harm that underlie this type of peer victimization. The ultimate purpose of this study is to suggest clinical implications for the victimized adolescents by examining the processes involved. Based upon stress-coping theory, a theoretical model where relational victimization was hypothesized in order to affect threat appraisal and self-efficacy and each was hypothesized to affect depression directly and indirectly through engagement coping and disengagement coping. The data of this study were collected from 1,363 students of 12 middle schools located at Seoul and Gyeonggi province from November 15 to November 29, 2008. In analysis, 1,238 data sets were used, excluding those having many missing data and a structural equation modeling multi-group analysis was employed for the purposes of analysis. The results revealed that relational victimization had significant effects on threat appraisal and self-efficacy. In addition, threat appraisal was found to affect depression both directly and indirectly through disengagement coping. Self-efficacy was found to affect depression indirectly through 2 coping strategies respectively. These results imply that such cognitive factors as threat appraisal and self-efficacy and coping strategies need to be emphasized as strategies in order to prevent or alleviate the negative effects of relational victimization on adolescent depression.
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