아동의 일상적 스트레스, 인지적 취약성과 우울의 구조적 관계에 대한 단기 종단 연구
A Short-Term Longitudinal Study on the Structural Relations among Children's Daily Hassles, Cognitive Vulnerability and Depression
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초록
본 연구는 아동의 일상적 스트레스, 인지적 취약성, 우울의 구조적 관계를 살펴보고, 이들의 관계가 시간의 흐름에 따라 어떻게 나타나는지 검증하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구를 위해 D시에 소재한 공립 초등학교 4, 5학년 아동 322명(남 169명, 여 153명)을 대상으로 일상적 스트레스, 역기능적 태도, 우울을 6개월 간격으로 세 차례에 걸쳐 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 본 연구에 참여한 아동의 일상적 스트레스, 인지적 취약성과 우울은 1년의 시간 경과에도 지속되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 일상적 스트레스는 인지적 취약성과 우울을 유발하고, 인지적 취약성은 우울에 대해 매개역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 이전 시기의 인지적 취약성과 우울 수준은 이후의 우울을 예측하는 중요한 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 선행연구 결과와는 달리, 이후 시점의 일상적 스트레스에 미치는 우울의 영향은 일부 시점에서만 확인되었으며, 우울이 인지적 취약성에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과는 인지적 취약성이 아동 후기의 우울에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 우울의 예방을 위한 조기개입에서 인지적 취약성을 다루어줄 필요성이 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relations among children's daily hassles, cognitive vulnerability and depression, and to investigate whether these relations change over time in the late childhood. Participants of this study were 322 children (169 boys and 153 girls) in the 4th or 5th grades, attending a public elementary school in Deagu, South Korea. The children were assessed at three time points over one year with the measures tapping daily hassles, cognitive vulnerability and depression. Results of the study were as follows. First, children's daily hassles, cognitive vulnerability and depression were found to remain stable over time. Second, daily hassles showed direct effects on cognitive vulnerability and depression, and cognitive vulnerability had a mediating effect on depression. In addition, it was indicated that cognitive vulnerability and depression of prior time points were important factors in predicting depression of posterior time points. Third, in contrast to the findings of previous studies, the direct effect of depression on daily hassles was not confirmed at all time points, and depression did not show a direct effect on cognitive vulnerability across the time po ints. These results suggest that cognitive vulnerability plays an important role in the development of children's depression and that early intervention is necessary to prevent depression in late childhood.
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