고려시대 송나라 사행해로(使行海路) 누정의 변천 연구

Abstract

Whereas people have come and gone with goods from Korea to China through land routes as Korea is adjacent to China, they have also used seaways when there is another country blocking the land routes. When Chinese envoys came to Korea, Korean officials welcomed them even going to the island at the end of the territorial waters, arranged them to rest in the pavilions which were built on the islands between a day’s course, treated them in a feast, and exchanges poems with them. They communicated with each other through Ganji, the common letter in East Asia at that time, with which they promoted the affinity between themselves. Goryeo also used the seaway in coming and going to Song when Liao and Jin blocked the envoy’s way occupying North China. Whereas the Chosun envoy’s way is evident and the study on the envoy literature is active since envoys in Chosun left many envoy journals and travel poems, there are few Goryeo envoy’s documents left. When Xu Jing, a literary man in song, returned from Goryeo after his mission as an envoy, he did not simply recorded in writing what he saw and heard in Goryeo, but drew pictures, which he gave to Emperor Hui. It is Goryeo Dogyeong that contains these records and pictures by Xu. Though it is impossible to clearly observe the features of the pavilions where Chinese envoys were well treated because the pictures were missed at the time of Xu, we can catch hold of them in a certain degree through the records. Though there was a hostel in Heuksan Island, the Chinese envoys did not land on it with a signal fire on. It is not clear that there was a hostel in Juk Island, where they stayed on June 4th. They put up at Goseom Island (now Wi Island), which had no hostel, because big winds blew from the east on June 5th. On June 6th, they were invited to a party thrown by the welcomer Kim Bu‐sik at Gunsan‐jeong (now in Jeolla‐do). On June 7th, they only had a formal bow with the local governor at Anheung‐jeong (now in Chungcheong‐do). On June 9th, they participated in a party at Gyeongwon‐jeong (now in Yeongjong Island of Incheon). Because the 200 envoy members were not able to be accommodated as all the pavilions were small in size, they should return to their ships for sleeping after the parties were over. The Song envoys put up at Suncheon‐gwan after participating in the welcoming ceremonies at Byeokran‐jeong and Seogyo‐jeong when they arrived at the Port of Yeseong, and treated Goryeo’s welcomers at Nakbin‐gwan, which was affiliated with Suncheon‐gwan. They gave the Royal rescript to the King of Goryeo, and went back through the envoy’s way after finishing their tasks. Goryeo’s welcomers accompanied them up to Gunsan‐jeong. After Song fell, the envoy’s seaway was changed, for which all the pavilions for Chinese envoys disappeared. Song at first constructed Goryeosa‐gwan in Bianjing in order to treat Goryeo’s envoys, but reconstructed it in Mingzhou in 1117 when they came through the seaway due to the disclosure of the land route. This building was used for 13 years before Jin’s army burned it occupying Mingzhou in 1130. Considering the fact that Xu Jing made Goryeo Dogyeong after returning from Goryeo in 1123, we can learn that he carried on his duties of envoy putting up at Goryeosa‐gwan in Ming zhoush after he returned through the pavilions like Byeokran‐jeong, Gyeongwon‐jeong, Anheung‐jeong, Gunsan jeong, and (Heuksan Island). The Chinese government now is preparing to restore Goryeosa‐gwan in Mingju after excavating it.