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고려의 對契丹 使行과 불교 교류

Goryeo Envoy’s Journey to Khitan and the Exchange of Buddhism

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이화사학연구소 (Ewha Historical Institutions)|2022.12|이화사학연구 (EWHA SAHAK YEONGU)|제65호|pp. 1-39|DOI 10.37091/ewhist.2022..65.001

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참고문헌

키워드

거란고려Goryeo의천Uicheon사행Khitan불교 교류고창국Envoy’s MissionExchange of BuddhismGaochang

초록

After Goryeo and Khitan established the official relations from the late 10th century, the two maintained diplomatic relations through various communication channels including traveling envoys. In particular, the exchange of envoys has been paid attention due to the increase of the type and the frequency of embassies. Regarding the significance of envoys in the Goryeo-Khitan relations, this paper examines the dispatch of Goryeo envoys to Khitan, and the exchange of Buddhism in their travels. First, it was found that Goryeo sent 5 or 6 kinds of emissaries to Khitan every year and the types of embassies were categorized as regular and special envoys. Goryeo envoy’s travel to Khitan showed one distinctive feature in that the destination of their journey varied depending the location on the nabo(捺鉢) of the Khitan court. Following the nomadic life of the Khitan people, nabo, the seasonal moving court, was conducted by the emperor of Khitan. Thus, the destination of Goryeo embassies was not fixed in one capital city, but changed along the route of the emperor. Second, this research analyzed how envoys collected information on the Khitan Buddhism and the works of Khitan’s Buddhist monks. Based on the reports of Song envoys, it was assumed that Goryeo emissaries visited the Jinguksa Temple (Zhenguo Si) and Cheongyeongsa Temple (Tianqing Si) when they headed or passed through the Central Capital. In the Southern Capital, it was probable that they visited the Minchungsa Temple (Minzhong Si) and Gaetaesa Temple (Kaitai Si). During the travel, envoys collected information on the new texts presented by the Khitan’s Buddhist monks who were invited to the moving court. In addition, Uicheon and Buddhist monks from Gaochang staying in Khitan were able to exchange products and letters through Goryeo envoys. It was supposed that they shared certain interests in Buddhism based on the Buddhist texts of Khitan monks collected by Uicheon and excavated in Uighur.

Abstract

After Goryeo and Khitan established the official relations from the late 10th century, the two maintained diplomatic relations through various communication channels including traveling envoys. In particular, the exchange of envoys has been paid attention due to the increase of the type and the frequency of embassies. Regarding the significance of envoys in the Goryeo-Khitan relations, this paper examines the dispatch of Goryeo envoys to Khitan, and the exchange of Buddhism in their travels. First, it was found that Goryeo sent 5 or 6 kinds of emissaries to Khitan every year and the types of embassies were categorized as regular and special envoys. Goryeo envoy’s travel to Khitan showed one distinctive feature in that the destination of their journey varied depending the location on the nabo(捺鉢) of the Khitan court. Following the nomadic life of the Khitan people, nabo, the seasonal moving court, was conducted by the emperor of Khitan. Thus, the destination of Goryeo embassies was not fixed in one capital city, but changed along the route of the emperor. Second, this research analyzed how envoys collected information on the Khitan Buddhism and the works of Khitan’s Buddhist monks. Based on the reports of Song envoys, it was assumed that Goryeo emissaries visited the Jinguksa Temple (Zhenguo Si) and Cheongyeongsa Temple (Tianqing Si) when they headed or passed through the Central Capital. In the Southern Capital, it was probable that they visited the Minchungsa Temple (Minzhong Si) and Gaetaesa Temple (Kaitai Si). During the travel, envoys collected information on the new texts presented by the Khitan’s Buddhist monks who were invited to the moving court. In addition, Uicheon and Buddhist monks from Gaochang staying in Khitan were able to exchange products and letters through Goryeo envoys. It was supposed that they shared certain interests in Buddhism based on the Buddhist texts of Khitan monks collected by Uicheon and excavated in Uighur.

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