탈비행 청소년의 비행정체성에 대한 낙인이론과 정체성이론의 변인 비교
A comparison of the variables between labeling theory and identity theory which influence the change process of delinquency identity
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이 연구는 청소년 탈비행 과정에서 비행정체성 변화에 영향을 미치는 낙인이론과 정체성이론 간의 상대적 영향력을 알아보는데 있었다. 낙인이론은 전통적인 비행이론에서 근거하였고 정체성이론은 최근 탈비행에서 주목되는 이론으로 본 연구에서 탈비행은 비행정체성의 변화임을 전제로 하였다. 비행정체성 변화모형은 낙인변인(타인의식, 타인평가, 징계경험)과 정체성변인(선한자아, 자기평가) 간 연계성으로 구성하였고 연구대상은 중학교 2학년 3,449명에 대한 4년 종단자료를 활용하였다. 연구 분석은 비행정체성 변화모형을 적용한 탈비행․비행지속 집단별 간접효과를 검증하였고 다중집단 구조방정식을 활용하여 탈비행․비행지속 집단 간 경로계수 차이 검정을 하였다. 연구결과, 비행정체성 변화모형은 전체집단, 탈비행 및 비행지속집단에 모두 적합모형임을 확인하였고 탈비행․비행지속 집단별로 각각 선한자아의 매개효과가 검증되었다. 또한 탈비행․비행지속 집단 간 경로계수 비교에서는 타인평가에서 선한자아에 이르는 하나의 경로계수가 탈비행과 비행지속 집단 간을 유의하게 구별하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 비행정체성의 변화과정에서 낙인변인들 보다 선한자아(정체성변인)가 탈비행에 미치는 우세한 영향력이 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 청소년 탈비행 촉진을 위해 비행청소년에 대한 낙인방지를 강조하기 보다 선한양심을 가진 선한자아를 강조하는 품성계발 및 긍정적 정체성향상 전략이 효과적임을 시사하였다.
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to explore the relative effectiveness between the variables of labeling theory and identity theory. The delinquency identity change model (DCM) was connected with relationships between labeling variables (others consciousness, others appraisals, punishment experiences) and labeling variables (good self, self appraisals). This approach to DCM was matched to longitudinal data from the Korea Youth Panel Study (KYPS). Utilizing a sample of 3,449 eighth‐graders who were followed over the course of 4 years, DCM was used to test the indirect effect on the desistance group and the persistence group. A Multiple Group Structural Equation Model was used to investigate the difference of the path between the desistance group and the persistence group. The findings indicated that there was goodness of fit for the DCM to the full group, the desistance group and the persistence group and that the mediating effect of good self was significant on the desistance group and the persistence group. Additionally, the only one path between others appraisals and good self was discriminated significantly from the desistance group and the persistence group. These findings suggest that good self (identity theory) proved to be a more powerful influence on DCM than labeling variables.
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